Development of a two-step injector for GC–MS with on-column derivatization, and its application to the determination of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in biological specimens

Miki, Akihiro; Katagi, Munehiro; Zaitsu, Kei; Nishioka, Hiroshi; Tsuchihashi, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.051

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A barcode‐like image, which most probably indicates the distribution of MA incorporated into hair, was observed on the longitudinal section. The time required for this imaging data acquisition was about 2 h. The concentration of MA in this hair specimen was found to be 68 ng/mg, which implies chronic MA use, by subsequent GC–MS determination carried out according to an optimized and validated procedure described in our previous paper 5. No trace of MA was detectable from the lengthwise laser‐cut hair shaft (Hair LB2) from the same MA user.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

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MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐FTICR imaging mass spectrometry of methamphetamine incorporated into hair

et al. 2011

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A new approach is described for imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of methamphetamine (MA) incorporated into human hair using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) and MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR). A longitudinal section of a lengthwise manually-cut single human hair shaft from a chronic MA user was directly analyzed by MALDI-TOF-IMS after deposited with α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix. A barcode-like image, which was most probably generated with repeated intakes of MA, was for the first time obtained by monitoring MA-specific product ion in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Laser beam scan lengthwise-cut hair shafts gave only poor mass spectra of MA, probably due to the loss of MA and/or the thermal denaturation of hair. The identity of MA detected in hair was further confirmed by MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry. A combination with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry by FTICR provided indisputable identification of MA. The MALDI-FTICR-IMS of another hair shaft from the same MA user also provided a barcode-like image by monitoring the protonated molecule of MA with ultra-high resolution. The two barcode-like images exhibited a close resemblance. Thus, MALDI-IMS can offer a new perspective: 'imaging hair analyses for drugs'.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Hair analysis for drugs is conducted primarily by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS),4, 5 liquid chromatography (LC)–MS6 or LC–tandem MS,7 after the extraction of target analytes. Analyses for a series of divided hair sections, from the root to the tip (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐FTICR imaging mass spectrometry of methamphetamine incorporated into hair

et al. 2011

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“…19,21) Until recently, there had been, however, no reports that described direct detections of their conjugates by either LC-MS or GC-MS.…”

Section: Lc-ms and Lc-ms-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Especially, the determinations of specific metabolites in addition to unchanged drugs provide absolute proof of drug intakes. MA, MDMA and their designer drugs are metabolized mainly to p-hydroxylated or demethylenated (followed by methylation) form as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Analysis of Conjugate Metabolites of Methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and Their Designer Drugs in Biological Fluids

Shima

Katagi

Tsuchihashi

2009

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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This review summarizes technical improvements in the forensic analysis for conjugate metabolites of methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and their designer drugs. The improvements include the establishments of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in combination with the pretreatment methods. The direct determination techniques for the conjugates proved to be effective in rapidly and accurately examining many biological specimens without annoying hydrolysis. The metabolism of MA and MDMA, with attention to the phase II metabolism of the major hydroxy metabolites, is also discussed based on concentration data in biological specimens obtained from drug abusers.

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“…Forensic hair analyses for drugs are usually conducted by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) [5,6], liquid chromatography (LC)-MS [7], or LC-tandem MS (MS-MS) [8] after decontamination and extraction of target analytes. Analysis of a series of divided hair segments from the root to the tip can provide historical information about drug use [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of methamphetamine incorporated into hair by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

et al. 2011

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for visual demonstration of methamphetamine (MA) incorporation into human hair. Longitudinal sections of human scalp hair shafts from chronic MA users were directly subjected to imaging MS. Numerous MA-positive spots with various intensities were observed in the specimens, which probably reflect habitual MA abuse and the different MA blood levels upon each administration. This imaging MS method for drugs in hair seems to give much more accurate chronological information on drug use, and clearer discrimination between deliberate drug use and passive exposure, using only a single hair shaft. This is the first report of imaging MS applied to forensic toxicology. This method is expected open a new field in analyses of drugs in hair.

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Development of a two-step injector for GC–MS with on-column derivatization, and its application to the determination of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in biological specimens

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐FTICR imaging mass spectrometry of methamphetamine incorporated into hair

MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐FTICR imaging mass spectrometry of methamphetamine incorporated into hair

Direct Analysis of Conjugate Metabolites of Methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and Their Designer Drugs in Biological Fluids

Imaging of methamphetamine incorporated into hair by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

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