The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is scheduled to enter the Martian atmosphere in August 2012. Aboard the heatshield is the MSL Entry Descent and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI) system that includes a series of embedded sensor plugs to measure in-depth response of the thermal protection system (TPS). The general objectives of the MEDLI system are to assess the TPS performance and reconstruct the aerothermal environment experienced during entry. Some specific objectives, such as measuring TPS temperature, can be addressed with direct measurements. Other objectives, such as determining surface heating, must be inferred using measurements combined with analytical tools. This paper describes the specific objectives, the expected sensor responses to the entry environment based on aerothermal and material response simulations, and the reconstruction analysis process being developed for the flight data.