Development of a Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) risk evaluation methodology for a processing tomato region

Abstract

A risk map for the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was elaborated for the main Portuguese processing tomato producing region, the "Ribatejo e Península de Setúbal" region, where periodically this virus causes severe losses. Forty nine tomato fields were monitored. Risk factors for TSWV infection were identified and quantified according to their relative importance in TSWV incidence. The risk factors considered for each field were: (1) presence of TSWV in tomato plants; (2) presence of TSWV in weeds which are hosts of TSWV vectors; (3) presence of TSWV vector thrips; (4) presence of TSWV host crops previously (in the two years before), namely, tomato, potato and sweet pepper; and (5) presence of greenhouses, urban areas or TSWV host crops next to the field (up to about 100m from its borders). A risk estimator was calculated for each field. Among the thrips (Thysanoptera) identified, belonging to 11 genera, four vector thrips species were detected: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Thrips tabaci Lindman, the two most abundant ones, and F. intonsa (Trybom) and F. schultzei (Trybom). Blue sticky traps placed up to about 75 cm above the crop canopy caught F. occidentalis and T. tabaci more efficiently than the beating technique. The weeds Datura stramonium L., Arctotheca calendula (L.), and Conyza bonariensis (L.) were identified as TSWV winter repositories. This study proposes a methodology to be used by field technicians for the annual evaluation of TSWV risk at a regional level, for an improved planning of processing tomato crop in the following season.Additional key words: GIS; monitoring; thrips; tomato for industry; tospovirus. Resumen Desarrollo de un método de evaluación de riesgos de incidencia de TSWV en una región productora de tomate para procesamientoSe ha elaborado un mapa de riesgos de incidencia del Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) para la región del Ribatejo y Península de Setúbal, la más importante productora de tomate de Portugal, y donde, periódicamente, el virus ocasiona importantes pérdidas. Se monitorizaron 49 parcelas de tomate al aire libre. Los factores de riesgo de infección por TSWV se identificaran y cuantificaran en base a su importancia relativa en la incidencia de la virosis: (1) presencia de TSWV en el cultivo de tomate; (2) presencia de TSWV en las hierbas adventicias hospedadores de los trips vectores; (3) presencia de trips vectores de TSWV; (4) presencia de cultivos hospedantes de TSWV previos (en los dos años anteriores), como tomate, patata y pimiento; y (5) presencia de invernaderos, áreas urbanas o cultivos hospedantes de TSWV en las proximidades (menos de 100 m de los bordes de las parcelas). Se estimó el riesgo de infección para cada parcela. Se detectaron cuatro especies de trips (Thysanoptera) vectoras del virus: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) y Thrips tabaci Lindman, las más abundantes y F. intonsa (Trybom) y F. shultzei (Trybom), en menor proporción. Datura stramonium L., Arctotheca calendula (L.) y Conyza bonariensis (L.) actúan como reservorios ...

Phylogenetic and Recombination Analysis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

“…TSWV has been a common virus in Western countries (i.e., Western Europe and the USA) [2]–[4] and has gradually spread worldwide to temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions [5]. TSWV has recently been detected in the Middle East and far eastern Asia [6].…”

La Peste Negra Del Tomate Y Morrón: Aportes Experimentales Para Su Manejo Integrado

“…Cho et al, 1986; Tate et al., 1991;Stobbs et al, 1992; Bautista y Mau, 1994;Fletcher, 2001;Chatzivassiliou et al, 2001, Mateus et al, 2012 …”