Development of a thermal stability-based ranking of hazardous organic compound incinerability

Taylor, Philip H.; Dellinger, Barry; Lee, C. C.

doi:10.1021/es00073a005

Cited by 78 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The different behavior can be explained taking into account that methane is a final product from cracking reactions occurring at high temperatures, while benzene is known to be a primary decomposition product from thermal decomposition of PVC [3][4][5] and also has a great thermal stability [38]. On the other hand, types A 0 and I behaviors are almost general, that indicates that the combination of oxygen and high temperatures significantly depletes formation of light hydrocarbons.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride

Aracil

Font

Conesa

2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Emissions evolved from the pyrolysis and combustion of poly(vinyl chloride) were studied at four different temperatures (500, 700, 850 and 1000 8C) in a horizontal laboratory tubular quartz reactor in order to analyse the influence of both temperature and reaction atmosphere on the final products from thermal and oxidative reactions. It was observed that the CO 2 /CO ratio increased with temperature. Methane was the only light hydrocarbon whose yield increased with temperature up to 1000 8C. Benzene was rather stable at high temperatures, but in general, combustion at temperatures above 500 8C was enough to destroy light hydrocarbons. Semivolatile hydrocarbons were collected in XAD-2 resin and more than 160 compounds were detected. Trends on polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) yields showed that most had a maximum at 850 8C in pyrolysis, but naphthalene at 700 8C. Formation of chlorinated aromatics was detected. A detailed analysis of all isomers of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols was performed. Both of them reached higher total yields in combustion runs, the first ones having a maximum at 700 8C and the latter at 500 8C. Pyrolysis and combustion runs at 850 8C were conducted to study the formation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs). There was more than 20-fold increase in total yields from pyrolysis to combustion, and PCDF yields represented in each case about 10 times PCDD yields. #

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Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride

Aracil

Font

Conesa

2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…In areas of low oxygen content known as "pyrolytic pockets" (17), PIC are created. These areas are associated with poor micromixing of oxygen, fuel, and waste (5,6,11,(18)(19)(20). Replication of these pyrolytic pockets in the laboratory would generate the same PIC as incineration of the waste under worst-case conditions (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Kemme

Day

Cochran³

2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the pyrolytic byproducts from an Army-unique propellant compound (AA2) that is composed of predominantly nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin. Compounds produced by AA2 pyrolysis were compared to compounds detected in the gaseous effluent from AA2 incineration. The light permanent gases and most of the higher molecular weight byproducts produced by AA2 incineration are replicated by laboratory pyrolysis on AA2. The reverse case also holds whereby 18 out of 24 high molecular weight AA2 pyrolytic byproducts are found in the incinerator emissions. Poor matching, however, was obtained between the two processes for the volatile, water-soluble species. None of these low molecular weight compounds produced under pyrolytic conditions were detected in the AA2 incinerator samples, likely indicating inefficient capture of these compounds from the effluent stream. Separate pyrolytic degradation of the individual components of AA2 provides evidence that nearly all of the incomplete combustion products detected during incineration originate not from the prevalent energetic ingredients but rather from the minor and trace additives in AA2. In addition, pyrolysis successfully identified the AA2 components capable of surviving the incineration process intact. This work illustrates the potential of bench-scale pyrolysis for predicting incineration behavior.

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“…Agents are relatively unstable, ranking low on the hazardous organic compound incinerability index. For example, mustard agent ranked 132, just below 1,1 dichloroethane (Taylor et al, 1990). This can be compared with HCN that ranked first and benzene second on this index.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Agent Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature requirement for 99 percent destruction (T 99 ) for HCN and benzene are >1150°C and ~ 1150°C, respectively. By contrast mustard gas has a T 99 of less than 680°C (Taylor et al 1990). Our calculations of T^ for DMMP give a value of 900 C. This value is probably too high, because our calculations are unable to account for wall reactions which are likely to be very significant in the small diameter reactor used by Taylor et al (1990).…”

Section: Chemistry Of Agent Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Design Software for Military Incinerators

Bockelie¹,

Denison²

2000

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Pulic reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching exisiting data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reveiwing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and the Office of Management and Budget, paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188),

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Development of a thermal stability-based ranking of hazardous organic compound incinerability

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride

Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride

Use of Pyrolysis GC/MS for Predicting Emission Byproducts from the Incineration of Double-Base Propellant

Engineering Design Software for Military Incinerators

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