Development of a ternary cyclodextrin–arginine–ciprofloxacin antimicrobial complex with enhanced stability

Abstract

Designing useful functionalities in clinically validated, old antibiotics holds promise to provide the most economical solution for the global lack of effective antibiotics, as undoubtedly a serious health threat. Here we show that using the surface chemistry of the cyclodextrin (βCD) cycle and arginine (arg) as a linker, provides more stable ternary antibiotic complex (βCD-arg-cpx). In contrast to classical less stable inclusion complexes, which only modify antibiotic solubility, here-presented ternary complex is more stable and controls drug release. The components of the complex intensify interactions with bacterial membranes and increase the drug’s availability inside bacterial cells, thereby improving its antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile. Multifunctional antibiotics, formulated as drug delivery systems per se, that take the drug to the site of action, maximize its efficacy, and provide optical detectability are envisaged as the future in fighting against infections. Their role as a tool against multiresistant strains remains as interesting challenge open for further research.

Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs against Endodontic Biofilms

“…Guanidine-containing compounds have shown efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as modulating effects on drug resistance [ 35 ]. L-arginine may act like a surface-active agent when interacting with bacterial membranes, increasing the drug’s availability inside the cells, and thus enhancing its antimicrobial effectiveness [ 36 ].…”

“…Although the objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of ibuprofen and diclofenac solutions against an endodontic biofilm, we considered it appropriate to include a solution of ibuprofen combined with arginine given its efficacy against different oral biofilms [ 31 , 32 ], as well as the proven synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics in antimicrobial complexes [ 36 , 37 ]. Still, in view of the results obtained here, further investigations are needed, including arginine solutions alone and at different concentrations, to assess their true potential against polymicrobial root canal biofilms.…”

“…With 4% IBP-arginine, similar cell viability was obtained at 1 h and 24 h (62.14% and 60.18%, respectively). Moreover, the 4% IBP-arginine group was the least cytotoxic at 24 h, showing no statistical differences from 4% IBP, which might indicate that arginine lends stability to the solution [ 36 ]. The viability percentage of 4% DCS was lower than that observed for the two IBP solutions.…”

Super porous α‐, β‐, γ‐cyclodextrin cryogels with high active agent loading and controllable release profiles

“…In the presence of water, the functional components encapsulated with CDs form "molecular dispersions" resulting in much better bioavailability of hydrophobic substances. 2,8 In addition, various physicochemical properties of the guest molecules properties such as solubility, 10 degradation, 11 and stability 12 can be improved significantly. The inclusion complexes of CDs with different molecules can be used in a variety of industries including the food industry, cosmetics, chemistry, agriculture, textile, and most importantly drug development [13][14][15] and biomedical industries.…”