Development of a solar-powered electric bicycle in bike sharing transportation system

Abstract

Abstract. The increasing mobility has directly led to deteriorating traffic conditions, extra fuel consumption, increasing automobile exhaust emissions, air pollution and lowering quality of life. Apart from being clean, cheap and equitable mode of transport for short-distance journeys, cycling can potentially offer solutions to the problem of urban mobility. Many cities have tried promoting cycling particularly through the implementation of bike-sharing. Apparently the fourth generation bikesharing system has been promoted utilizing electric bicycles which considered as a clean technology implementation. Utilization of solar power is probably the development keys in the fourth generation bikesharing system and will become the standard in bikesharing system in the future. Electric bikes use batteries as a source of energy, thus they require a battery charger system which powered from the solar cells energy. This research aims to design and implement electric bicycle battery charging system with solar energy sources using fuzzy logic algorithm. It is necessary to develop an electric bicycle battery charging system with solar energy sources using fuzzy logic algorithm. The study was conducted by means of experimental method which includes the design, manufacture and testing controller systems. The designed fuzzy algorithm have been planted in EEPROM microcontroller ATmega8535. The charging current was set at 1.2 Amperes and the full charged battery voltage was observed to be 40 Volts. The results showed a fuzzy logic controller was able to maintain the charging current of 1.2 Ampere with an error rate of less than 5% around the set point. The process of charging electric bike lead acid batteries from empty to fully charged was 5 hours. In conclusion, the development of solar-powered electric bicycle controlled using fuzzy logic controller can keep the battery charging current in solar-powered electric bicycle to remain stable. This shows that the fuzzy algorithm can be used as a controller in the process of charging for a solar electric bicycle.

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

“…High: Up to tens of thousands € Medium: Hundreds to thousands of € * Low to medium: Hundreds of € * * According to estimations; ** dependent on charger and battery type; 1 according to references [2,17,19,20], based on average values for the sum of main pollutants: CO (carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides), VOC (volatile organic compounds), and PM10 (particulate matter that have 10 micrograms per cubic meter or less in diameter); 2 according to reference [28]; 3 according to references [29,30]; 4 according to reference [26], based on average values for car/bus and e-bike, up to 5 km; 5 according to reference [21], based on average values; 6 according to references [31,32]; 7 according to reference [25]; 8 according to reference [33].…”

An Overview of Existing Experiences with Solar-Powered E-Bikes

“…Moreover, the solar-powered e-bike sharing system includes zero CO 2 emissions and allows the reduction of the GHG emissions in urban areas. Adhisuwignjo et al (2017) developed a solar powered battery charging system for an e-bike, using a fuzzy logic algorithm for the design and testing of the controller system. Results showed that the specific algorithm that was designed could be used as a controller for the battery charging of the solar e-bike [6].…”

“…Adhisuwignjo et al (2017) developed a solar powered battery charging system for an e-bike, using a fuzzy logic algorithm for the design and testing of the controller system. Results showed that the specific algorithm that was designed could be used as a controller for the battery charging of the solar e-bike [6]. Apostolou et al (2018) studied the technical features and performance of solar-powered e-bikes, as well as various factors that affect users' satisfaction and their choices of a specific transportation mode [57].…”

“…Key areas of research are health and safety impact, transport features such as the travel distance and speed, and the user's motivation to use the e-bike. Little research focused on solar e-bikes or solar-powered e-bikes [6,55,[57][58][59], solar e-bikes' trip features such as the travel distance and speed, and user safety, has been conducted. Consequently, the field of solar-powered e-bikes needs to be further investigated.…”

“…In addition to this, the bicycle constitutes one of the most accessible and cheapest transportation modes (e.g., there is no extra cost for taxes, no driving license, parking costs or high service maintenance costs, as in the case of cars). Many cities have promoted cycling, especially by implementing bike-sharing programs for public use [6][7][8].…”