Development of a simple IgE‐independent anaphylactic model using buckwheat antigen and B‐type CpG oligodeoxynucleotide from Streptococcus thermophilus

Abstract

We developed a severe anaphylactic model in mice using buckwheat antigen and B-type CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) from Streptococcus thermophilus genome. In typical systemic anaphylaxis models, animals are challenged with large quantity of antigens via an intravenous (i.v.) route. Here, we showed a simple anaphylactic shock after challenge via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The i.p. method is simpler than i.v. administration and has a lower risk for failure. To generate this anaphylactic model, 5-week-old female BALB/c mice were first i.p. sensitized with buckwheat antigen mixed with B-type CpG-ODN. After 2 weeks, mice were challenged with antigen to induce anaphylactic shock, which was evaluated by scoring the severity symptoms and measuring serum levels of various proteins and splenic cell producing cytokines. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a production and interferon-γ positive cells were markedly increased in mice immunized with antigen mixed with B-type CpG-ODN, whereas serum IgE levels were decreased by B-type CpG-ODN. We also examined the effects of various ODNs (A, B and C-type CpG-ODNs) and antigens (buckwheat, α-casein, β-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin) on anaphylactic severity, and found that the combination of buckwheat and B-type CpG-ODN induced the most intense anaphylactic shock. This model is expected to contribute to the study of the prevention of anaphylactic shock.

Synergistic oligodeoxynucleotide strongly promotes CpG-induced interleukin-6 production

“…injection with iSN34 + CpG-B. In previous work, we demonstrated that CpG-B is involved in activating the innate immune response and induces splenomegaly [ 29 , 46 ]. Indeed, splenomegaly has been considered an important complication of acute and chronic disease for more than 100 years [ 47 – 49 ].…”

Class A CpG Oligonucleotide Priming Rescues Mice from Septic Shock via Activation of Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase

“…PS-ODNs were reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and passed through a 0.22-µm pore microfilter (Nihon Millipore K.K., Tokyo, Japan). ODN sequences are shown in Table 1 : CpG-A 1585 ( 48 ), CpG-B 1826 ( 49 ), CpG-C 2395 ( 50 ), Ctr 1612 ( 51 ), non-CpG-A 1585 , and iODN H154 ( 13 ). LPS from Escherichia coli 0127:B8 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

Oral Administration of Flavonifractor plautii Strongly Suppresses Th2 Immune Responses in Mice

“…Both the activation of T-helper-2 (Th2) cell immune responses and the immune regulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions (3)(4)(5). An allergy is an excessive immune response to a specific environmental antigen that normally is tolerated by the general population; the term also has become synonymous with hypersensitivity (6). Th2 cells are thought to play a key role in the onset of allergic reactions, given that this class of cells produces the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and induces the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells.…”