Development of a Selective Medium for the Fungal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum Using Toxoflavin Produced by the Bacterial Pathogen Burkholderia glumae

Abstract

The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent for Fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone. Isolation of the fungal strains from air or cereals can be hampered by various other airborne fungal pathogens and saprophytic fungi. In this study, we developed a selective medium specific to F. graminearum using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae. F. graminearum was resistant to toxoflavin, while other fungi were sensitive to this toxin. Supplementing toxoflavin into medium enhanced the isolation of F. graminearum from rice grains by suppressing the growth of saprophytic fungal species. In addition, a medium with or without toxoflavin exposed to wheat fields for 1 h had 84% or 25%, respectively, of colonies identified as F. graminearum. This selection medium provides an efficient tool for isolating F. graminearum, and can be adopted by research groups working on genetics and disease forecasting.

Dual Transcriptional Profile of Aspergillus flavus during Co-Culture with Listeria monocytogenes and Aflatoxin B1 Production: A Pathogen–Pathogen Interaction

“…Nevertheless, antagonism is not always the physiological trend of an interaction. This was confirmed by Jung et al [68]. In the latter study, the authors stated that the protection mechanisms developed against toxins can result in cooperative behaviors between the plant pathogens B. glumae and F. graminearum.…”

Development of a Selective Medium for the Fungal Pathogen Cylindrocarpon destructans Using Radicicol

“…Previously, we developed a selective medium for Fusarium species using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial plant pathogen Burkholderia glumae ( Jung et al, 2013 ), suggesting that natural compounds can be used as an ingredient for a selective medium to isolate specific fungal species. For the development of a selective medium for C. destructans , we had focused on the secondary metabolites, brefeldin A and radicicol, produced by this fungus.…”

Resistance of Fusarium fujikuroi Isolates to Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Application for Fungal Isolation

“…Our working hypothesis was that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) might be used for selective isolation of F. fujikuroi because Fusarium species showed different levels of resistance to toxoflavin which produces H 2 O 2 in eukaryotic cells (Jung et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2004). We expected that it is possible to reduce the growth of certain fungal species as supplementing both H 2 O 2 and PCNB into a medium.…”

“…Recently we developed a selective medium using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial plant pathogen Burkholderia glumae (Jung et al, 2013). However, the important phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum can grow as well as F. fujikuroi on those media even though the mycelial growth of M. oryzae is efficiently inhibited (Jung et al, 2013;Leslie and Summerell, 2006). Therefore, we need to develop a selective medium for isolating only F. fujikuroi.…”

“…org/). F. graminearum strains GJ90 and IS40 previously isolated in Korea (Jung et al, 2013), and GZ3639 and SCK04 strains provided from Center for Fungal Pathogenesis (Seoul, Korea) were used for reference strains of F. graminearum. M. oryzae strains were provided from Center for Fungal Genetics Resources (Seoul, Korea).…”