Development of a Scale for Tourism Facilitators

Kim, Byung Gook; Heo, Jinmoo

doi:10.1080/10548408.2014.932735

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to leisure studies, facilitators are involved in promoting participation (Kim et al, 2011). In tourism studies, facilitators are also regarded as a mechanism for encouraging/enhancing tourism activities and for other behavioral intentions (Kim, 2015; Kim and Heo, 2015). Prebensen et al (2013) suggested that motivation, including relaxation and socialization, tends to be one of the intrapersonal facilitators that have a positive influence on travel experience.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the wine tourism experience: The roles of facilitators, constraints, and involvement

Zhang

King

et al. 2019

Journal of Vacation Marketing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the wine tourism experience is indispensable to the development of a wine tourism destination. This study tested an integrated model to obtain a better understanding of the wine tourism experience. The proposed model included both perceived wine tourism facilitators and constraints to examine their effects on wine tourism experience and tested the moderating role of involvement in these effects. Using Chinese outbound wine tourists in Australia as the study sample, this study identified that winery fame, interpersonal facilitators, and local attractions are three facilitating factors, while personal language and transportation barriers and time and information barriers were the perceived constraining factors. Both interpersonal facilitators and local attractions positively affected wine tourism experience; however, winery fame negatively influenced wine tourism experience. The study found that involvement moderated the effects of facilitators/constraints on wine tourism experience. For high-involvement wine tourists, the effect of local attractions is pronounced, while interpersonal facilitator negatively influences their wine tourism experience. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the wine tourism experience: The roles of facilitators, constraints, and involvement

Zhang

King

et al. 2019

Journal of Vacation Marketing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Facilitators and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, leisure and tourism studies have identified facilitators as factors that promote participation (Kim et al, 2011), encourage tourism activities and other behavioral intentions (Kim & Heo, 2015). For example, Kim and Heo (2015) found that intrapersonal facilitators were the most influential facilitators in inducing repeat visit intention. Son et al (2021) found that facilitators positively influence leisure-time physical activity, and the facilitator effect was almost equal to the counter effect of constraints.…”

Section: Facilitators and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I would like to visit a bone chapel, but …”: facilitators, constraints, motivators and death anxiety

Carvalho

2023

IJTC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The study aims to understand the relationship between facilitating, demoting, motivating factors and visit intention; and to clarify the role of death anxiety before visiting a dark exhibition. Design/methodology/approach Partial least squares structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze data from 426 potential visitors to the Capuchin Crypt in Rome (Italy). Findings Results demonstrate that dark fascination, prestige, reflection on death and mortality and interpersonal facilitators are the main drivers of visit intention, and structural constraints are the main demoting factors. Contrary to expectations, intrapersonal constraints have a positive influence on motivators and indirectly on visit intention, and death anxiety has mixed results. Research limitations/implications Data collection from only one dark exhibition requires that the generalization of the results must be done with care. Practical implications Conclusions enabled a better understanding of pre-trip tourist behavior, providing valuable suggestions for the communication strategy of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) and site managers. Originality/value The study adopts a consolidated and empirical approach to studying facilitators, motivators, constraints and visit intention, as well as the effect of death anxiety. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to develop a comprehensive investigation of these four constructs, whether at the darker or the lighter end of the dark tourism spectrum. Consequently, it offers a better understanding of lighter dark attractions, which allows DMOs and others to improve the communication of their tourism products.

show abstract

“…Interpersonal facilitators are individuals or groups that enable or promote the formation of leisure preferences and encourage or enhance participation (Raymore, 2002). These facilitators are formed through relationships with friends, social groups, and family support and are based on the interdependency of individuals in a social context as well as the reciprocal influence of individuals and their environments (Kim and Heo, 2015;Kim et al, 2011). Various interpersonal tourism facilitators have been identified in the literature.…”

Section: Tourism Facilitatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpersonal facilitators are individuals or groups that enable or promote the formation of leisure preferences and encourage or enhance participation (Raymore, 2002). These facilitators might include the availability of other travel partners, which encourages a person to participate in tourism activities (Kim and Heo, 2015;Yau et al, 2004). Interpersonal tourism facilitators play a vital role in the travel experiences of travellers with mobility impairments and, as indicated in section 5.2.2, these travellers heavily rely on their travel companions, service providers, and other visitors/strangers to negotiate constraints (Devile et al, 2012;Packer et al, 2007;Yau et al, 2004).…”

Section: Interpersonal Facilitatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From constraints to participation: A study of the behaviour of New Zealand travellers with mobility impairments

Orakani¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Individuals with disabilities have been acknowledged in the literature to have the same desire to travel as their able-bodied counterparts. However, participation in tourism imposes disproportional challenges for many of them and there are still various areas that need to be improved. Research on travellers with disabilities is still in its infancy and most studies concentrate on barriers and constraints to participation. Not much is known about how these constraints are being dealt with and what influence they have on travel experiences of travellers with disabilities. This study explores the travel experiences of travellers with mobility impairments, with a focus on travel constraints and the negotiation strategies. This research draws upon the author’s personal experience as a traveller with mobility impairments who has faced travel constraints and tried to negotiate and overcome those constraints. I enjoy personal travel experiences and believe travel is a fundamental right for those with disabilities. Using an approach based on the social model of disability enhanced with a degree of human agency, this research was undertaken with travellers who have some degree of privileged status in terms of access to opportunities and resources required for travel. They voice concerns and problems, but they also demonstrate human agency which is significant for their travel experiences. The study seeks better insight into the tension between travel constraints and the ability of travellers with mobility impairments to participate in tourism. Constraints, negotiation strategies, and their influence on participation are addressed across different scales: the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural. A qualitative methodology informed by an interpretive social sciences paradigm enables this study to access people’s experiences expressed in their own words, give voice to them to get the meaning of social interactions, and thereby explain their travel experiences. Fourteen New Zealand-based participants aged between 18 and 44 were recruited, all of whom have either a congenital or acquired a mobility impairment. In-depth semi-structured interviews were designed with a staggered approach comprising three interview sessions with each participant. Overall, 42 interview sessions with 14 participants resulted in detailed data which was analysed using a content analysis approach. The analysis focused on the travel experiences of travellers with mobility impairments which span over degrees of participation: from non-participation to partial participation to full participation. This outlined the tension between constraints and negotiation and how the final levels of participation were impacted by that tension. Travel constraints, negotiation strategies, and tourism facilitators ‒ in three levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural ‒ affected the levels of participation. Sometimes participants used negotiation strategies from a different category than the constraint; for instance, an interpersonal negotiation strategy to overcome a structural constraint. The research confirmed many of the factors identified in the literature but revealed a greater range of constraints, facilitators and negotiation strategies, including some that have not previously been explored, for example, time (constraint), resilience and determination (facilitator), and developing emotional skills (negotiation strategy). The findings also revealed that some factors could influence participation with multiple roles. Equipment and money could be constraints, facilitators, and negotiation strategies in different travel experiences. Although generalized helplessness around travel was not observed in the sample, individual incidents of feeling a sense of helplessness had an effect on participation in tourism. Participants’ disability, more specifically the type and severity of their impairments, was another determining factor for participation. Lastly, the type of trip and destination were significant in terms of constraints encountered, negotiation strategies used, and the level of participation. Participants regarded business trips as the easiest (when compared to VFR and pleasure travel) with fewer constraints that generally were easier to overcome. Most participants also regarded domestic trips as easier compared to international trips due to their familiarity with the travel context. The research brings together the theory of negotiation, the theory of learned helplessness, and the leisure constraints model into a single study to understand different levels of participation among travellers with mobility impairments. Therefore, it contributes to an understanding of the travel experiences of travellers with mobility impairments in the New Zealand context and the implications of disabilities for travel. Hence, the research hopes to promote the changes required to improve the travel experiences of travellers with mobility impairments. Based on the theoretical and practical contributions of the study, several recommendations are provided for the tourism industry and the policy-makers. These recommendations aim at moving towards a more inclusive and fair tourism for travellers with disabilities.</p>

show abstract

Development of a Scale for Tourism Facilitators

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Understanding the wine tourism experience: The roles of facilitators, constraints, and involvement

Understanding the wine tourism experience: The roles of facilitators, constraints, and involvement

“I would like to visit a bone chapel, but …”: facilitators, constraints, motivators and death anxiety

From constraints to participation: A study of the behaviour of New Zealand travellers with mobility impairments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About