Development of a sampling and flow injection analysis technique for iron determination in the sea ice environment

Lannuzel, Delphine; Jong, Jeroen de; Schoemann, Véronique; Trevena, Anne; Tison, Jean-Louis; Chou, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.059

Cited by 63 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Field operators worked upwind, wore clean (Schlitzer 2008). The blue dots mark the initial and final location of the ice floe room garments (Tyvek overall, overshoes and polyethylene gloves) and used non-contaminating equipment to collect sea ice and seawater samples (Lannuzel et al 2006;Dumont et al 2009). Detail on the sampling site is reported in Tison et al (2008).…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples collected for Fe analysis were stored in acid-cleaned LDPE bottles and acidified to pH 1.8 with ultrapure HNO 3 (Ultrex, JT Baker). Total dissolvable Fe (TDFe, unfiltered) and dissolved Fe (DFe, filtered through 0.2-lm Nuclepore PC filters) samples from the microcosms were measured onboard by flow injection analysis following Lannuzel et al (2006). TDFe samples from the sequential experiment were analysed in the home laboratory 6 months after collection by isotopic dilution combined with multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-MC-ICP-MS) using nitrilotriacetic acid chelating resin for pre-concentration and matrix separation ).…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

et al. 2013

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Although algal growth in the iron-deficient Southern Ocean surface waters is generally low, there is considerable evidence that winter sea ice contains high amounts of iron and organic matter leading to ice-edge blooms during austral spring. We used field observations and shipbased microcosm experiments to study the effect of the seeding by sea ice microorganisms, and the fertilization by organic matter and iron on the planktonic community at the onset of spring/summer in the Weddell Sea. Pack ice was a major source of autotrophs resulting in a ninefold to 27-fold increase in the sea ice-fertilized seawater microcosm compared to the ice-free seawater microcosm. However, heterotrophs were released in lower numbers (only a 2-to 6-fold increase). Pack ice was also an important source of dissolved organic matter for the planktonic community. Small algae (\10 lm) and bacteria released from melting sea ice were able to thrive in seawater. Field observations show that the supply of iron from melting sea ice had occurred well before our arrival onsite, and the supply of iron to the microcosms was therefore low. We finally ran a ''sequential melting'' experiment to monitor the release of ice constituents in seawater. Brine drainage occurred first and was associated with the release of dissolved elements (salts, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved iron). Particulate organic carbon and particulate iron were released with low-salinity waters at a later stage.

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Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

et al. 2013

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“…Seawater was collected from the ice-water interface using a peristaltic pump (E/S Portable Sampler, Masterflex) equipped with acid-clean silicon tubes. For each experiment, four rows of holes ( Figure 2) were drilled through the ice using a trace metal (TM) clean electro-polished stainless steel ice corer previously tested for TM sampling (14 cm internal diameter, Lichtert Industry, Belgium; Lannuzel et al, 2006). Each row corresponds to an increasing time step and each core (A to F, Figure 2) was allocated to measure one of the parameters described below.…”

Section: In Situ Ice-growth Time-series Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to ice coring, snow was removed using an acid-clean plastic shovel. Collection and processing of ice and water samples were conducted using the methods outlined by Lannuzel et al (2006). Seawater was collected from the ice-water interface using a peristaltic pump (E/S Portable Sampler, Masterflex) equipped with acid-clean silicon tubes.…”

Section: In Situ Ice-growth Time-series Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages

Janssens

Meiners

Tison

et al. 2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice.

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“…First, snow was collected in polyethylene containers using polypropylene shovels. Then ice cores were retrieved using a specially designed electropolished stainless-steel corer that has been shown to allow trace metal clean sampling (Lannuzel et al, 2006). Cores were immediately wrapped in PE bags and stored on the sampling site in an insulated box filled with individual cooling bags, pre-cooled at À30 1C, in order to limit brine drainage from samples as much as possible.…”

Section: Working Procedures At the Clean Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal evolution of decaying summer first-year sea ice in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Tison

Worby

Delille

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

148

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The evolution of the main physico-chemical properties of the unflooded 90-cm-thick first-year sea-ice cover at the Ice Station POLarstern (ISPOL) ''clean site'' is described. ISPOL was an international experiment of the German research icebreaker R.V. Polarstern. The vessel was anchored to an ice floe for an observation period of 5 weeks, during the early summer melt onset in the Western Weddell Sea. The ''clean site'' was specially designed and accessed so as to prevent any trace metal contamination of the sampling area. Observations were made at 5-day intervals during December 2004 in the central part of the main floe. Results show the succession of two contrasting phases in the behavior of the brine network (brine channels, pockets, and tubes). Initially, brine salinity was higher than that of sea-water, leading to brine migration and a decrease in the mean bulk salinity of the ice cover. This process is highly favored by the already high bulk porosity (14%), which ensures full connectivity of the brine network. Gravity drainage rather than convection seems to be the dominant brine transfer process.Half-way through the observation period, the brine salinity became lower than that of the sea-water throughout the ice column. The brine network therefore switched to a ''stratified'' regime in which exchange with sea-water was limited to molecular diffusion, strongly stabilizing the bulk mean sea-ice salinity. During the transition between the two regimes, and in areas closer to ridges, slush water (resulting from a mixture of snow meltwater and sea water accumulated at the snow-ice interface) penetrated through the growing ''honeycomb-like structure'' and replaced the downward draining brines. This resulted in a slight local replenishment of nutrients (as indicated by dissolved silicic acid). However, as a whole, the described decaying regime in this globally unflooded location with limited snow cover should be unfavorable to the development of healthy and active surface and internal microbial communities.The switch from gravity to diffusion controlled transport mechanisms within the ice column also should affect the efficiency of gas exchange across the sea-ice cover. The observed late build-up of a continuous, impermeable, superimposed ice layer should further significantly hamper gas exchange.Statistical estimates of the evolution of the ice thickness during the observation period and salinity trends of the under-ice water salinity down to 30 m corroborate model predictions of a moderate bottom melting (5-10 cm) from ocean heat fluxes. r

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Development of a sampling and flow injection analysis technique for iron determination in the sea ice environment

Cited by 63 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages

Temporal evolution of decaying summer first-year sea ice in the Western Weddell Sea, Antarctica

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