Development of a Rubella Vaccination Strategy: Contribution of a Rubella Susceptibility Study of Women of Childbearing Age in Kyrgyzstan, 2001

Malakmadze, Naile; Zimmerman, Laura; Uzicanin, Amra; Shteinke, Luidmila; Cáceres, Victor M.; Kasymbekova, Kaliya; Sozina, Irina; Glasser, John W.; Joldubaeva, Mira; Aidyralieva, Chinara; Icenogle, Joseph P.; Strebel, Peter M.; Reef, Susan E.

doi:10.1086/421018

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many factors may lead to equivocal results, including waning of antibody titres with time since infection. Since adults are more likely than young people to have been infected many years previously, such waning is consistent with increases in the proportion of antibody test results that are equivocal with increasing age, as seen in some studies[ 36 ]. In such instances, treating equivocal results as positive leads to a more reliable estimate of the force of infection in the past than that obtained by treating equivocal results as negative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996-2010: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is typically underestimated in routine surveillance. Updated estimates are needed following the recent WHO position paper on rubella and recent GAVI initiatives, funding rubella vaccination in eligible countries. Previous estimates considered the year 1996 and only 78 (developing) countries.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to identify rubella seroprevalence studies conducted before countries introduced rubella-containing vaccination (RCV). These data and the estimated vaccination coverage in the routine schedule and mass campaigns were incorporated in mathematical models to estimate the CRS incidence in 1996 and 2000–2010 for each country, region and globally.ResultsThe estimated CRS decreased in the three regions (Americas, Europe and Eastern Mediterranean) which had introduced widespread RCV by 2010, reaching <2 per 100,000 live births (the Americas and Europe) and 25 (95% CI 4–61) per 100,000 live births (the Eastern Mediterranean). The estimated incidence in 2010 ranged from 90 (95% CI: 46–195) in the Western Pacific, excluding China, to 116 (95% CI: 56–235) and 121 (95% CI: 31–238) per 100,000 live births in Africa and SE Asia respectively. Highest numbers of cases were predicted in Africa (39,000, 95% CI: 18,000–80,000) and SE Asia (49,000, 95% CI: 11,000–97,000). In 2010, 105,000 (95% CI: 54,000–158,000) CRS cases were estimated globally, compared to 119,000 (95% CI: 72,000–169,000) in 1996.ConclusionsWhilst falling dramatically in the Americas, Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean after vaccination, the estimated CRS incidence remains high elsewhere. Well-conducted seroprevalence studies can help to improve the reliability of these estimates and monitor the impact of rubella vaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996-2010: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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“…To achieve elimination, MR immunity gaps among adults in Georgia must be closed. Implementing large-scale SIAs with high coverage is the WHO-recommended approach to rapidly increase population immunity to levels needed to interrupt transmission [23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, previous MR SIAs in Georgia have not been particularly successful [4,6].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles and rubella seroprevalence among adults in Georgia in 2015: helping guide the elimination efforts

et al. 2019

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A large-scale measles outbreak (11 495 reported cases, 60% aged ≥15 years) occurred in Georgia during 2013–2015. A nationwide, multistage, stratified cluster serosurvey for hepatitis B and C among persons aged ≥18 years conducted in Georgia in late 2015 provided an opportunity to assess measles and rubella (MR) susceptibility after the outbreak. Residual specimens from 3125 participants aged 18–50 years were tested for Immunoglobulin G antibodies against MR using ELISA. Nationwide, 6.3% (95% CI 4.9%–7.6%) of the surveyed population were seronegative for measles and 8.6% (95% CI 7.1%–10.1%) were seronegative for rubella. Measles susceptibility was highest among 18–24 year-olds (10.1%) and declined with age to 1.2% among 45–50 year-olds (P < 0.01). Susceptibility to rubella was highest among 25–29 year-olds (15.3%), followed by 18–24 year-olds (11.6%) and 30–34 year-olds (10.2%), and declined to <5% among persons aged ≥35 years (P < 0.001). The susceptibility profiles in the present serosurvey were consistent with the epidemiology of recent MR cases and the history of the immunization programme. Measles susceptibility levels >10% among 18–24 year-olds in Georgia revealed continued risk for outbreaks among young adults. High susceptibility to rubella among 18–34 year-olds indicates a continuing risk for congenital rubella cases.

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“…Additionally, approximately 3 to 23% of adults remain susceptible to rubella virus infection in various countries and areas, although studies have shown that a large proportion of unimmunized populations in areas where rubella is endemic are infected and become seropositive before puberty [13,14,15,16]. Dwyer et al, (2001) noted that about 10-25% of non-immunized women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella virus infection [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella IgG Antibody among Nigerian Pregnant Women without Vaccination History

Adewumi¹,

Olusanya²,

Oladunjoye³

et al. 2012

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Rubella is a vaccine-preventable viral infection, its aetiologic agent; rubella virus was identified as human teratogen capable of causing a spectrum of birth defects described as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, significant proportion of the population remains susceptible to rubella infection in developing countries. More significantly, such developing countries including Nigeria have not demonstrated adequate commitment to preventive vaccination; a panacea for intervention. Consequently, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of anti-rubella IgG among pregnant women to ascertain the proportion of susceptible population. A total of 273 consenting rubella vaccine naïve antenatal clinic attendees aged 15-42 years (Median age = 28 years) were randomly selected and their sera analyzed for qualitative and quantitative anti-rubella IgG detection. Overall, 244/273 (89.4%) pregnant women enrolled in this study had protective level (Titre = >10 IU/mL) of anti-rubella IgG (Median Titre = 165 IU/mL; Range = <10 ->250 IU/mL), while, 29/273 (10.6%) of the study population lack protective antibody titre ( OD = <10 IU/mL). Results confirm previous reports of exposure, infection, and continuous circulation of rubella virus in Nigeria. It emphasizes the need for improved and continuous surveillance for rubella and CRS cases, prompt vaccination of vulnerable populations, and evaluation of health policies to achieve immunization and ultimately ensure control/elimination of rubella virus in Nigeria and beyond.

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Development of a Rubella Vaccination Strategy: Contribution of a Rubella Susceptibility Study of Women of Childbearing Age in Kyrgyzstan, 2001

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996-2010: A Systematic Review

Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996-2010: A Systematic Review

Measles and rubella seroprevalence among adults in Georgia in 2015: helping guide the elimination efforts

Rubella IgG Antibody among Nigerian Pregnant Women without Vaccination History

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