“…For a change in a system (e.g., structure) the survived capacity and the fled capacity are important (Ranjbaran et al, 2008;Ranjbaran and Rousta, 2009;Ranjbaran, 2010;Ranjbaran et al, 2011;Ranjbaran, 2012;Ranjbaran and 237 Rousta, 2013a;Ranjbaran and Ranjbaran, 2014;Ranjbaran, 2015;Ranjbaran and Ranjbaran, 2016;2017a;2017b;2017c;Ranjbaran et al, 2020a-f;2021a;2021b). The capacity (kS), called system stiffness, is defined as a positive entity which has a finite specified value at the beginning of the lifetime (origin) and reduces to zero at the end of systems lifetime (destination).…”