Development of a reference diet for use in indispensable amino acid requirement studies of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L.

Marcouli, Panayiota; Alexis, M.N.; Andriopoulou, Argyro; Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, Joan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00308.x

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…(1997) have stressed the usefulness of higher proportion of non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) in evaluating dietary protein. Marcoul et al. (2004) also found that protein retention in gilthead seabream juveniles was significantly improved by the higher dietary EAA/NEAA ratio, which was partially in agreement with our study that ∑EAA index reflected the trend of body protein accretion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quantitative l-lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus)

Zhou¹,

Shao²,

Xu³

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Nutrition

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An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the quantitative l‐lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream Sparus macrocephalus (initial mean weight: 9.13 ± 0.09 g, SD) in eighteen 300‐L indoors flow‐through circular fibreglass tanks provided with sand‐filtered aerated seawater. The experimental diets contained six levels of l‐lysine ranging from 20.8 to 40.5 g kg−1 dry diet at about 4 g kg−1 increments. All the experiment diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish in a completely randomized design. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 32.5 g kg−1 (P < 0.05) and both showed a declining tendency thereafter. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio was poorer for fish fed the lower lysine level diets (P < 0.05) and showed no significant differences among other treatments (P > 0.05). All groups showed high survival (above 90%) and no significant differences were observed. The whole body crude protein and crude lipid contents were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by dietary lysine level, while moisture and ash showed no significant differences. The composition of muscle and liver also presented similar change tendency. Total essential amino acid and lysine contents in muscle both obtained the highest value when fish fed 32.5 g kg−1 lysine diet (P < 0.05). Serum protein, cholesterol and free lysine concentration were affected by different dietary treatments (P < 0.05), triacylglyceride and glucose contents were more variable and could not be related to dietary lysine levels. Dietary lysine level significantly affected condition factor and intraperitoneal fat ratio of juvenile black sea bream (P < 0.05) except for hepatosomatic index. There were no significant differences in white blood cell count and red blood cell count (P > 0.05), however, haemoglobin level was significantly influenced by different diets (P < 0.05). Analysis of dose (lysine level)‐response (SGR) with second order polynomial regression suggested the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream to be 33.2 g kg−1 dry diet or 86.4 g lysine kg−1 protein.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quantitative l-lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus)

Zhou¹,

Shao²,

Xu³

et al. 2010

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…Thus, to adequately supplement diets with free AA, namely when evaluating IAA requirements, it is required to establish a level of protein‐bound AA replacement by crystalline‐AA that does not affect growth performance or feed efficiency (Cowey ; Marcouli et al . ; Peres & Oliva‐Teles ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, similarly to the present study, a dietary replacement of protein‐bound by crystalline‐AA up to 45% in gilthead seabream (Marcouli et al . ) or 50% in rainbow trout (Rodehutscord et al . ; Bodin et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective replacement of protein-bound amino acids by crystalline amino acids in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles

2013

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of free amino acids to replace protein‐bound amino acids in diets for Solea senegalensis juveniles. For this purpose, fish with 4.26 g mean initial weight were fed during 55 days with diets containing 500 g kg−1 protein and 100 g kg−1 lipid, based on fish meal and fish oil as main protein and lipid sources (control diet), or diets where 20%, 35% and 50% of fish meal were replaced by crystalline amino acids, using L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. To access the efficiency of the crystalline lysine source, another diet was formulated with 35% fish meal replacement but using L‐lysine sulphate instead of L‐lysine HCl as lysine source. Overall, growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient retention, whole‐body and amino acid composition did not show significant differences among groups. In conclusion, up to 50% protein‐bound amino acids can be replaced by crystalline amino acids in diets for Senegalese sole juveniles without negative effects in fish performance. Additionally, it was shown that L‐lysine sulphate and L‐lysine‐HCl may be used interchangeably by Senegalese sole juveniles, with the potential economic benefits involved.

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“…Dispensable amino acids (ALA, GLY), which are preferential substrates for gluconeogenesis in fish liver, were already found to be important discriminative biomarkers for the differentiation of gilthead sea breams reared in different aquaculture systems . Also worthy of consideration is the discriminative power of a free form of the indispensable amino acid LYS, which may imply nutritional imbalance and can be associated to the compatibility of feed components fed to Cage A fish . However, further studies would be required in order to better describe the role of essential amino acid composition of feeds in the observed discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometric and metabolic profiles associated to different rearing conditions in offshore farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Melis

Anedda

2014

Electrophoresis

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Modern multivariate methods are applied to both biometric measurements and NMR metabolic profiling of fillet to discriminate farmed gilthead sea bream reared in different farming conditions. Two fish groups having the same average size, from the same farm, were caught in May and October. Biometric data demonstrate that condition factor is higher for the leaner fish, sampled in May, while liver somatic index is lower in fish sampled in October. Biometric features are related to metabolic changes that involve lipid storage from May to September, and their mobilization from muscle and liver during prespawning season (September, October). Structural phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine) and essential fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) characterize the lipid profile of the May catch, while triglycerides, monounsaturated and diunsaturated fatty acids, likely from absorption of vegetable oil components of feeds, suggest fish fattening in the warm season and discriminate fish caught in October. Among polar metabolites, taurine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, and creatine/phosphocreatine confirm their role as good biomarkers for the discrimination among fish produced in different farming conditions, especially involving feed digestion and metabolism, chronic stress, and alteration of energetic balance in cage-reared fish. Qualitative traits of farmed fish are therefore the result of a complex combination of environmental factors and farming practices, which should be analyzed to increase consumers' and farmers' awareness.

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Development of a reference diet for use in indispensable amino acid requirement studies of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L.

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Quantitative l-lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus)

Quantitative l-lysine requirement of juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus)

Effective replacement of protein-bound amino acids by crystalline amino acids in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles

Biometric and metabolic profiles associated to different rearing conditions in offshore farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

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