Tumor malignancy is closely associated with the poor prognosis in cancer patients. Thus, accurate and sensitive diagnosis for detecting the tumor malignancy is required to provide the optimal therapeutic regimen to the patients. Nuclear medical techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are non-invasive and have the potential to provide sensitive diagnoses by detecting gamma rays emitted from a radiolabeled probe injected into the body. Thus, a radiolabeled probe targeted to a biological molecule relevant to tumor malignancy can be a useful tool for detecting the malignant tumors.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), classified as secreted MMPs and membrane-associated MMPs (membrane type MMPs, MT-MMPs) based on their structures, 1) play important roles in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by degrading most of the components in the extracellular matrix.
2)Membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) in particular is considered to be closely associated with tumor malignancy. Indeed, recent studies have shown that MT1-MMP activates MMP-2, an effector protease that operates downstream of MT1-MMP. 1,[3][4][5][6] In addition, expression of MT1-MMP is localized to tumor tissues 1) and increases in the early stages of tumorigenesis.7) Thus, MT1-MMP is a potential target for imaging malignant tumors at an early phase in their development.Recently, we proposed 99m Tc-labeled anti-MT1-MMP monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG) ( 99m Tc-anti-MT1-MMP monoclonal antibody (mAb)) as a novel MT1-MMP probe and demonstrated its effectiveness for evaluating the malignancy of breast tumors in rodent models. 8) However, the blood clearance of 99m Tc-anti-MT1-MMP mAb was not fast enough to obtain a high tumor to blood (T/B) ratio, an indicator of availability of radiotracer for in vivo imaging, during the first hours following administration. The T/B ratio remained low at 48 h post-injection, which prevents the achievement of MT1-MMP imaging in vivo. For future clinical applications, this probe should be modified to improve the MT1-MMP imaging sensitivity and to provide earlier post-injection imaging.For this purpose, we planed to use a pre-targeting method combined with the anti-MT1-MMP mAb. The pre-targeting method, extensively studied in the field of radioimmunotherapy, can provide selective accumulation of radioactivity to the targeted organ and a high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio during the first hours following administration.9,10) Recently, publications have reported that the pre-targeting method, utilizing an interaction between bispecific antibodies and haptens, is applicable to in vivo molecular imaging.11,12) Here, we exploited a streptavidin-biotin system possessing high affinity (K d ϭ10 Ϫ15 M) 13) for in vivo binding of pre-and postadministered compounds and applied this pre-targeting method to MT1-MMP imaging.This study sought to determine the effectiveness of a pretargeting protocol (streptavidinylated anti-MT1-MMP mAb and radiolabeled biotin) for MT1-MMP imaging shortly afte...