Development of a Rabbit Model of Tear Film Instability and Evaluation of Viscosity of Artificial Tear Preparations

Nakamura, Shigeru; Okada, Shoji; Umeda, Yuzuru; Saito, Fumio

doi:10.1097/00003226-200405000-00015

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rabbits blink very seldom (reportedly, once every 20 minutes or so 42 ), and their TFBUT is extremely long, definitely longer than 30 seconds. 43 Considering these facts, and the vast differences between the meibomian lipidomes of rabbits and humans reported in this paper, the rabbit, from our standpoint, should not be used as a model for the human TF and meibum studies, especially those concerned with their biochemistry and biophysics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These experiments were proven to be all but impossible to conduct on fully active mice because of their agility. A procedure similar to the forced blinking procedure described by Nakamura et al 32 was used. Sodium fluorescein (1 lL of a 1% solution in PBS) was applied to the lower conjunctiva sac, spread over the ocular surface by manually closing the animal's eyes three times, then opening the eye and timing until one or more black spots or streaks were recorded in the precorneal TF using a manual slit lamp with a cobalt blue filter (Kowa SL-2; Kowa, Nagoya, Japan).…”

Section: Glc/ms and Hplc/ms Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward an Animal Model of the Human Tear Film: Biochemical Comparison of the Mouse, Canine, Rabbit, and Human Meibomian Lipidomes

Butovich

Lu²,

McMahon³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Glc/ms and Hplc/ms Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an Animal Model of the Human Tear Film: Biochemical Comparison of the Mouse, Canine, Rabbit, and Human Meibomian Lipidomes

Butovich

Lu²,

McMahon³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One can notice that in our study the BUT was significantly decreased in BAKexposed eyes at the 49th day only. BUT is a simple means to assess the tear film stability, and some authors improved such a measurement in rabbit eyes using better methods like quantitative imaging of tear break area [40] . However, our BUT data in BAK-exposed eyes and in controls are similar to those in previous studies reporting clinical analyses of the tear film stability in rabbits [29, 41,42] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very-High-Frequency Ultrasound Corneal Imaging as a New Tool for Early Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Toxicity in Rabbits Treated with a Preserved Glaucoma Drug

Denoyer

Ossant²,

Arbeille³

et al. 2008

Ophthalmic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To evaluate very-high-frequency (VHF) ultrasound imaging as a new method to detect and quantify early corneal epithelium changes induced by chronic exposure to a benzalkonium-chloride-containing antiglaucoma drug. Methods: Timolol preserved with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride solution was applied b.i.d. in 1 eye of 10 rabbits for 56 days. Unpreserved timolol solution was used as control. Ocular surface changes were assessed weekly combining clinical examinations, in vivo 60-MHz ultrasound imaging and ex vivo histological analysis. Results: VHF ultrasound imaging allowed quantitative measurement of corneal epithelium thickness and qualitative imaging of toxic epithelial damage. It revealed significantly decreased epithelial thickness in vivo as early as the 21st day of treatment (40.75 ± 1.72 µm at D0 vs. 39 ± 2 at D21, vs. 31.9 ± 2.98 at D56; p = 0.017 and p = 0.005, respectively). The first clinical changes appeared from the 42nd day of treatment (conjunctival redness, conjunctival staining and corneal staining; D56 compared to D0: p = 0.005, 0.01 and 0.004, respectively) and then correlated with VHF ultrasound data. Epithelial thickness measured with VHF ultrasound was correlated with histological epithelial pachymetry (p < 0.001) and with the corneal damage score assessed with scanning electron microscopy (p = 0.038). Conclusion: VHF ultrasound imaging provided an early in vivo diagnosis of corneal epithelium pathology induced by chronic exposure to a preserved glaucoma drug, before the first clinical evidence of ocular toxicity. It could be a new reproducible method to detect the toxicity of glaucoma medication so that therapy can then be adapted.

show abstract

“…Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan with a viscoelastic rheology. Its relatively high viscosity is believed to improve tear-film stability and to reduce washout from the ocular surface 12. Hyaluronic acid enhances water retention on the corneal surface, and probably increases corneal wettability 13.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorophotometric measurement of the precorneal residence time of topically applied hyaluronic acid

Mochizuki

Yamada

Hato

et al. 2007

British Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: This study was performed to separately assess the aqueous flow applied with hyaluronic acid, and the behaviour of hyaluronic acid itself on the ocular surface. Methods: Two different fluorescent dyes, fluorescein sodium dissolved in 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) solution and 0.1% fluorescein conjugated with hyaluronic acid (F-HA) dissolved in saline, were used. A volume of 20 ml of tested solution was applied to the eye of 10 healthy volunteers. Fluorescein sodium dissolved in saline served as a control. The fluorescent intensity of the precorneal tear film was measured at the central cornea every minute for 10 min. The turnover rate was calculated using the equation that plots fluorescent intensity against time in a semilog plot and expressed as %/min. Results: Turnover rates of topically applied 0.1% F-HA, 0.1% HA and saline were 8.1 (SD 3.6)%/min, 21.6 (2.8)%/ min, and 31.0 (3.7)%/min, respectively. The turnover rate of F-HA was significantly lower than those of HA and saline (p = 0.00012 and p = 0.00000022, respectively; Mann-Whitney test). The turnover rate of HA was significantly lower than that of saline (p = 0.00001; Mann-Whitney test). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the bulk aqueous flow applied with HA and the turnover of HA itself are different. HA molecules may adhere to the ocular surface by surface-chemical and/or biochemical properties. The long retention time of HA on the ocular surface may explain the mechanism in which hyaluronic acid has been shown to enhance tear film stability for a few hours.

show abstract

Development of a Rabbit Model of Tear Film Instability and Evaluation of Viscosity of Artificial Tear Preparations

Abstract: Ocular surface bathing with artificial tear preparations composed of a suitable viscosity agents could be useful in managing tear film instability.

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Toward an Animal Model of the Human Tear Film: Biochemical Comparison of the Mouse, Canine, Rabbit, and Human Meibomian Lipidomes

Toward an Animal Model of the Human Tear Film: Biochemical Comparison of the Mouse, Canine, Rabbit, and Human Meibomian Lipidomes

Very-High-Frequency Ultrasound Corneal Imaging as a New Tool for Early Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Toxicity in Rabbits Treated with a Preserved Glaucoma Drug

Fluorophotometric measurement of the precorneal residence time of topically applied hyaluronic acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About