Development of a Portable Knee Rehabilitation Device That Uses Mechanical Loading

Fitzwater, Daric; Dodge, Todd; Chien, Stanley; Yokota, Hiroki; Anwar, Sohel

doi:10.1115/1.4024830

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The main requirements for this type of device would be the amount of loading force that it should generate, the frequency of the application of force, the range of motion of the applicator, nature of the actuation source, portability, lightweight quality, and compactness. A prototype device was designed previously with these factors as requirements where a voice coil actuator was used as an actuation source [9]. However, voice coil-based design proved to be bulky and expensive.…”

Section: Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were obtained with the help of free body diagrams of the mechanism linkages [9]. The governing equations are as follows:

F_{12 x} - F_{32 x} = m_{2} {\ddot{p}}_{2 x},

F_{12 y} - F_{32 y} = m_{2} {\ddot{p}}_{2 y},

T_{m} \times N - F R_{l} = I_{d} \times \ddot{θ},

- F_{32 x} + F_{53 x} = m_{3} {\ddot{p}}_{3 x},

- F_{32 y} + F_{53 y} = m_{3} {\ddot{p}}_{3 y},

F_{32 x} d_{3} S i n θ_{2} + F_{32 y} d_{3} C o s θ_{2} - F_{43 x} f_{3} S i n θ_{2} - F_{43 y} f_{3} C o s θ_{2} = m_{3} k_{3}^{2} {\ddot{α}}_{3},

F_{43 x} - F_{14 x} = m_{4} {\ddot{p}}_{4 x},

- F_{43 y} + F_{14 y} = m_{4} {\ddot{p}}_{4 y},

- F_{43 x} d_{}

…”

Section: Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Mechatronic Loading Device to Stimulate Bone Growth via a Human Knee

Prabhala

Chien

Yokota

et al. 2016

Sensors

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This paper presents the design of an innovative device that applies dynamic mechanical load to human knee joints. Dynamic loading is employed by applying cyclic and periodic force on a target area. The repeated force loading was considered to be an effective modality for repair and rehabilitation of long bones that are subject to ailments like fractures, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, etc. The proposed device design builds on the knowledge gained in previous animal and mechanical studies. It employs a modified slider-crank linkage mechanism actuated by a brushless Direct Current (DC) motor and provides uniform and cyclic force. The functionality of the device was simulated in a software environment and the structural integrity was analyzed using a finite element method for the prototype construction. The device is controlled by a microcontroller that is programmed to provide the desired loading force at a predetermined frequency and for a specific duration. The device was successfully tested in various experiments for its usability and full functionality. The results reveal that the device works according to the requirements of force magnitude and operational frequency. This device is considered ready to be used for a clinical study to examine whether controlled knee-loading could be an effective regimen for treating the stated bone-related ailments.

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Section: Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These were obtained with the help of free body diagrams of the mechanism linkages [9]. The governing equations are as follows:

F_{12 x} - F_{32 x} = m_{2} {\ddot{p}}_{2 x},

F_{12 y} - F_{32 y} = m_{2} {\ddot{p}}_{2 y},

T_{m} \times N - F R_{l} = I_{d} \times \ddot{θ},

- F_{32 x} + F_{53 x} = m_{3} {\ddot{p}}_{3 x},

- F_{32 y} + F_{53 y} = m_{3} {\ddot{p}}_{3 y},

F_{32 x} d_{3} S i n θ_{2} + F_{32 y} d_{3} C o s θ_{2} - F_{43 x} f_{3} S i n θ_{2} - F_{43 y} f_{3} C o s θ_{2} = m_{3} k_{3}^{2} {\ddot{α}}_{3},

F_{43 x} - F_{14 x} = m_{4} {\ddot{p}}_{4 x},

- F_{43 y} + F_{14 y} = m_{4} {\ddot{p}}_{4 y},

- F_{43 x} d_{}

…”

Section: Design Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechatronic Loading Device to Stimulate Bone Growth via a Human Knee

Prabhala

Chien

Yokota

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…A dynamic analysis of the finger mechanism was performed using the Euler-Lagrangian method in [16]. The dynamic equations for the finger mechanism are given by:

T_{1} = ⌊ I_{1} + m_{1} d_{1}^{2} + m_{2} L_{1}^{2} ⌋ {\ddot{p}}_{1} + ⌊ L_{1} d_{2} + L_{1} L_{2} ⌋ {\ddot{p}}_{2} normalcos false(p_{1} - p_{2} false) - ⌊ L_{2} d_{2} + L_{1} L_{2} ⌋ false({\dot{p}}_{1} - {\dot{p}}_{2} false) p_{2} normalsin false({\dot{p}}_{1} - {\dot{p}}_{2} false) + ⌊ m_{2} d_{2} + L_{2} ⌋ L_{1} {\dot{p}}_{1} {\dot{p}}_{2} normalsin false(p_{1} - p_{2} false) + ⌊ m_{1} d_{1} + m_{2} L_{1} ⌋ g normalcos false(p_{1} false)

T_{2} = ⌊ I_{2} + m_{2} d_{2}^{2} + m_{2} L_{2}^{2} ⌋ {\ddot{p}}_{2} + ⌊ m_{2} d_{2} + m_{3} L_{2} ⌋ L_{1} {\ddot{p}}_{1} normalcos false(p_{1} - p_{2} false) - ⌊ m_{2} d_{2} + m_{3} L_{2} ⌋ L_{1} false({\dot{p}}_{1} - {\dot{p}}_{2} false) {\dot{p}}_{1} normalsin false(p_{1} - p_{2} false) + k {\dot{p}}_{2}^{2} + k ...

…”

Section: Development Of Multi-fingered Artificial Handmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also indicates that mechanical loading can potentially help in promoting bone health and can be used on humans as a preventive procedure to reduce a risk of hip fracture as well as a therapeutic procedure to enhance the healing of bone fractures. Based on the experimental studies, it was predicted that a maximum force of 40N with a frequency in the range of 1 to 5 Hz may maximize beneficial effects for loading on human knees [16]. It is recommended that the most appropriate loading condition (e.g., force magnitude and frequency) should be determined in a future clinical trial [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Artificial Finger-Like Knee Loading Device to Promote Bone Health

Korupolu

Chien

Yokota

et al. 2017

JBiSE

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This study presents the development of an innovative artificial finger-like device that provides position specific mechanical loads at the end of the long bone and induces mechanotransduction in bone. Bone cells such as osteoblasts are the mechanosensitive cells that regulate bone remodelling. When they receive gentle, periodic mechanical loads, new bone formation is promoted. The proposed device is an under-actuated multi-fingered artificial hand with 4 fingers, each having two phalanges. These fingers are connected by mechanical linkages and operated by a worm gearing mechanism. With the help of 3D printing technology, a prototype device was built mostly using plastic materials. The experimental validation results show that the device is capable of generating necessary forces at the desired frequencies, which are suitable for the stimulation of bone cells and the promotion of bone formation. It is recommended that the device be tested in a clinical study for confirming its safety and efficacy with patients.

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Analysis of Force Transmission by a Knee Loading Device from Skin and Soft Tissue to Knee Joint Elements

Rayi¹,

Yokata²,

Anwar³

2019

JBiSE

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Dynamic loading to a knee joint is considered to be an effective modality for enhancing the healing of long bones and cartilage that are subject to ailments like fractures, osteoarthritis, etc. We developed a knee loading device and tested it for force application. The device applies forces on the skin, whereas force transmitted to the knee joint elements is directly responsible for promoting the healing of bone and cartilage. However, it is not well understood how loads on the skin are transmitted to the cartilage, ligaments, and bone. Based on a CAD model of a human knee joint, we conducted a finite element analysis (FEA) for force transmission from the skin and soft tissue to a knee joint. In this study, 3D models of human knee joint elements were assembled in an FEA software package (SIMSOLID). A wide range of forces was applied to the skin with different thickness in order to obtain approximate force values transmitted from the skin to the joint elements. The maximum Von Mises stress and displacement distributions were estimated for different components of the knee joint. The results demonstrate that the high load bearing areas were located on the posterior portion of the cartilage. This prediction can be used to improve the design of the knee loading device.Open Access

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Development of a Portable Knee Rehabilitation Device That Uses Mechanical Loading

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

A Mechatronic Loading Device to Stimulate Bone Growth via a Human Knee

A Mechatronic Loading Device to Stimulate Bone Growth via a Human Knee

Development of an Artificial Finger-Like Knee Loading Device to Promote Bone Health

Analysis of Force Transmission by a Knee Loading Device from Skin and Soft Tissue to Knee Joint Elements

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