Development of a porous metallic femoral stem: Design, manufacturing, simulation and mechanical testing

Simoneau, Charles; Terriault, Patrick; Jetté, Bruno; Dumas, Mathieu; Braïlovski, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.064

Cited by 82 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…3,4 The stems are usually made of biocompatible materials such as Ti alloy, cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloy, or carbon-fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK) composite. 5,6 The mismatch between the stiffness of the dense stem (100-240 GPa) and the femur bone (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) results in the stem carrying most of the body weight, thus leading to aseptic loosening, shielding the femur bone from stresses, and bone resorption. 3,5 Stems of different geometrical designs have been proposed to overcome the issue of stress shielding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element study of functionally graded porous femoral stems incorporating body‐centered cubic structure

et al. 2019

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The mismatch between stiffness of the femoral dense stem and host bone causes complications to patients, such as aseptic loosening and bone resorption. Three‐dimensional finite‐element models of homogeneous porous (HGP) and functionally graded porous (FGP) stems incorporating body‐centered cubic (BCC) structures are proposed in this article as an alternative to the dense stems. The relationship between the porosity and strut thickness of the BCC structure was developed to construct the finite‐element models. Three levels of porosities (20%, 50%, and 80%) were modeled in HGP and FGP stems. The porosity of the stems was decreased distally according to the sigmoid function (n = 0.1, n = 1 and n = 10) with 3 grading exponents. The results showed that FGP stems transferred 120%‐170% higher stresses to the femur (Gruen zone 7) as compared to the solid stem. Conversely, the stresses in HGP and FGP stems were 12%‐34% lower than the dense stem. The highest micromotions (105‐147 µm) were observed for stems of 80% overall porosity, and the lowest (42‐46 µm) was for stems of 20% overall porosity. Finally, FGP stems with a grading exponent of n = 10 resulted in an 11%‐28% reduction in micromotions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element study of functionally graded porous femoral stems incorporating body‐centered cubic structure

et al. 2019

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“…However, the differences between the Young's modulus of the Ti implants and the bone (110 and 10–30 GPa, respectively) leads to stress shielding effect on the supporting bone . The use of highly porous structures with tailored porosity are becoming popular for implant materials particularly due to their adjustable Young's modulus to be similar to the bone, and at the same time, improved implant fixation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of macroporosity on NIH/3T3 adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 over bio‐functionalized highly porous titanium implant material

et al. 2018

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Highly porous Ti implant materials are being used in order to overcome the stress shielding effect on orthopedic implants. However, the lack of bioactivity on Ti surfaces is still a major concern regarding the osseointegration process. It is known that the rapid recruitment of osteoblasts in bone defects is an essential prerequisite for efficient bone repair. Conventionally, osteoblast recruitment to bone defects and subsequent bone repair has been achieved using growth factors. Thus, in this study highly porous Ti samples were processed by powder metallurgy using space holder technique followed by the bio-functionalization through microarc oxidation using a Ca- and P-rich electrolyte. The biological response in terms of early cell response, namely, adhesion, spreading, viability, and proliferation of the novel biofunctionalized highly porous Ti was carried out with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in terms of viability, adhesion, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results showed that bio-functionalization did not affect the cell viability. However, bio-functionalized highly porous Ti (22% porosity) enhanced the cell proliferation and activity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

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“…A multi-scale modeling strategy may be adopted to reduce the computation time and costs. To this end, during FE simulation, a scaffold is modeled as a fully dense material possessing material properties equivalent to those of a porous scaffold [102]. In the future, great efforts are needed in the following three interesting areas:

Conducting FE simulations of scaffolds, considering biological loading and the flow of body fluid, as well as the reduction of artificial material.

Improving the calculation efficiency and optimization methods of complex scaffold models for large segmental defects, for example, functionally gradient scaffolds.

Developing FE models that can accurately simulate the AM processes involving powder melting and solidification during scaffold fabrication, in addition to predicting the mechanical properties of the resultant scaffolds accurately.

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Section: Computational and Experimental Studies On Bte Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties of scaffolds with various porosities [102] and even some functionally graded implants have been studied [137,138]. However, a universal methodology for the design of functionally graded BTE scaffolds and automated optimization procedures have not yet been developed.…”

Section: Priority Areas Of Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additively Manufactured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and the Prediction of their Mechanical Behavior: A Review

2017

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Additive manufacturing (AM), nowadays commonly known as 3D printing, is a revolutionary materials processing technology, particularly suitable for the production of low-volume parts with high shape complexities and often with multiple functions. As such, it holds great promise for the fabrication of patient-specific implants. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in implementing AM in the bio-fabrication field. This paper presents an overview on the state-of-the-art AM technology for bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds, with a particular focus on the AM scaffolds made of metallic biomaterials. It starts with a brief description of architecture design strategies to meet the biological and mechanical property requirements of scaffolds. Then, it summarizes the working principles, advantages and limitations of each of AM methods suitable for creating porous structures and manufacturing scaffolds from powdered materials. It elaborates on the finite-element (FE) analysis applied to predict the mechanical behavior of AM scaffolds, as well as the effect of the architectural design of porous structure on its mechanical properties. The review ends up with the authors’ view on the current challenges and further research directions.

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Development of a porous metallic femoral stem: Design, manufacturing, simulation and mechanical testing

Cited by 82 publications

References 36 publications

Finite element study of functionally graded porous femoral stems incorporating body‐centered cubic structure

Finite element study of functionally graded porous femoral stems incorporating body‐centered cubic structure

Influence of macroporosity on NIH/3T3 adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 over bio‐functionalized highly porous titanium implant material

Additively Manufactured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and the Prediction of their Mechanical Behavior: A Review

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