The large amounts of heavy metal from landscape wastewater have become serious problems of environmental pollution and risks for human health. It affects the growth of plant and aquatic, and leads to the destruction of landscape. Therefore, the development of e cient novel adsorbent is a very important for treatment of heavy metal. A low-cost and easily obtained agricultural waste (Peanut Shell) was modi ed by nanoscale Fe 3 O 4 particles. Then, the functionalized porous nanoscale Fe 3 O 4 particles supported biochar from peanut shell (PS-Fe 3 O 4 ) for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The characterization of PS-Fe 3 O 4 composites showed that PS from peanut shell was successfully coated with porous nanoscale Fe 3 O 4 particles. The pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model were more tted for describing the adsorption process of Pb(II) ions in solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions removal in solution by PS-Fe 3 O 4 composites could reach 188.68 mg/g. The adsorption process of Pb(II) ions removal by PS-Fe 3 O 4 composites was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption mechanisms of Pb(II) ions by PS-Fe 3 O 4 composites were mainly controlled by the chemical adsorption process. They included Fe-O coordination reaction, coprecipitation, complexation reaction and ion exchange. PS-Fe 3 O 4 composites were thought as a low-cost, good regeneration performance and high e ciency adsorption material for removal of Pb(II) ions in solution.