Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis

Riley, Donald E.; Roberts, Marilyn C.; Τakayama, Thomas K.; Krieger, John N.

doi:10.1128/jcm.30.2.465-472.1992

Cited by 118 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…74 With the increasing incidence of metronidazole resistance, 112 cultures may become more standard practice. 2 Several other methods are also being evaluated for the diagnosis of trichomonas infection, including a polymerase chain reaction-based test, 26,113 a direct fluorescent antibody test, and an enzyme immunoassay. 110 Sensitivities and specificities of these tests, however, are not clearly established.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

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V aginitis is a common medical problem in women that is associated with substantial discomfort and frequent medical visits. Roughly 5 to 10 million office visits per year are attributed to vaginitis. 1 Research in recent years has increased our understanding of the disease process and its potential sequelae and resulted in improved diagnostic and treatment modalities. 2-6 Nevertheless, adequate diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis in the office setting often is problematic for practitioners. 2,5,7-9 Moreover, the availability of over-the-counter medications for fungal vaginitis has increased the likelihood that women will come to medical attention with partially or inadequately treated infections. 10 We will focus on the common infectious causes of vaginal discharge-yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, emphasizing new developments in diagnosis, associated complications, and treatment of these infections.The initial evaluation of vaginal discharge requires an understanding of physiologic vaginal discharge and what differentiates it from abnormal, pathologic discharge. Substances from the vulvar, sebaceous, sweat, Bartholin's and Skene's glands, as well as exfoliated cells, cervical mucus, and secretions of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes constitute the normal physiologic secretions of the vagina. These secretions pool in the posterior fornix and do not adhere to the vaginal walls. 11 The pH of normal vaginal secretions in women of childbearing age is between 3.8 and 4.5. The presence of sperm, blood, amniotic fluid, or cervical mucus raises the vaginal pH. 11 The amount and fluidity of the discharge can vary over the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus becomes more fluid around ovulation, and women frequently mistake this change in consistency for an abnormal discharge. Stress increases the rate of vaginal desquamation and thus the amount of discharge, which patients can also mistake for a pathologic discharge. 12 Women generally do not have other symptoms if their discharge is physiologic.In contrast, a pathologic discharge adheres to the vaginal walls and is often accompanied by irritation, pruritus, odor, or urinary symptoms such as dysuria or frequency. 6 The discharge can be thick to watery and frothy, and white to yellow, gray, or green. 11 Causes of an abnormal discharge include infectious causes of vaginitis such as yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, as well as cervicitis and sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia infection. Noninfectious etiologies include chemical irritants such

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

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“…We confirmed the band of 638 bp, as in their report. This might be of interest since we achieved successful results suggesting that the Papanicolaou-stained smear offers a reliable source for DNA diagnosis, which may obtain a higher level of diagnosis when we used the PCR method of Rappelli et al 13 together with the method of Riley et al 12 In summary, this study demonstrated that PCR for the detection of T. vaginalis DNA in cytological archival smears could be particularly useful in assessing the presence of T. vaginalis in those patients in whom the cytologic findings on Papanicolaou-stained smears are thought to be equivocal. Further cytodiagnostic applications of this established PCR assay might involve reevaluation of cervical smears in retrospective studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of PCR to successfully diagnose T. vaginalis infection was first reported in 1992 by Riley et al 12 They studied T. vaginalis DNA isolation, and tested PCR amplification. This PCR amplification was carried out with primers targeting the A6p sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Other diagnostic methods include the use of cultures, immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, 8 immunocytochemistry, 9 staining of cytological smears, 10,11 and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 12,13 PCR is a newly described molecular biology technique that is well-suited for the diagnosis of infections. Our investigations combined both PCR and Papanicolaou staining techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polymerase chain reaction amplification of trichomonas vaginalis DNA from papanicolaou‐stained smears

Okuyama

Takahashi

Mori³

et al. 1998

Diagn. Cytopathol.

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DNA from Papanicolaou-stained smears was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate if it could be used for retrospective genome studies, such as for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. DNA was isolated from 20 archival Papanicolaou-stained smears (19 cervical and 1 seminal fluid samples) and purified by treatment with proteinase K, phenol/chloroform, and ethanol. The method of recovering DNA from the Papanicolaou-stained smear is very important in the successful amplification of Trichomonas DNA in archival cytological smears. We used a specific sequence and successfully amplified DNA in cytological smears of T. vaginalis using PCR. We conclude that the diagnostic accuracy of the detection of T. vaginalis in cervical smears is enhanced by using a combination of a Papanicolaou-stained smear and PCR.

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“…Amongst the available formats for the molecular diagnosis of T. vaginalis, the Xpert TV assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) has improved the diagnostic capability and is a US-FDA approved NAAT for use in both females and males (Schwebke et al 2018). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S rRNA, beta-tubulin, and adhesin genes of T. vaginalis, has also shown promising results (Riley et al 1992;Madico et al 1998). With the advent of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of T. vaginalis, a higher analytical sensitivity of 42% compared with culture (8Á26%) and conventional PCR (7Á44%) has been reported (Adao and Rivera, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swabs among symptomatic women from North India

Khurana

Dadwal

Sharma

et al. 2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Significance and Impact of the Study: Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted pathogen associated with considerable morbidity and risk of complications. Due to the limitations of traditional diagnostic modalities, three molecular assays were compared: conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Xpert TV assay, and loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detecting T. vaginalis in symptomatic females. All tests had a sensitivity of 100% and the inter-rater reliability was excellent AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common curable sexually transmitted pathogens infecting both men and women worldwide. Unlike traditional methods such as microscopy and culture, nucleic acid amplification tests rapidly detect this agent, assisting in treatment. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and the Xpert TV assay were evaluated using 28 microscopy positive T. vaginalis samples and 125 microscopy negative samples from symptomatic females of reproductive age. The sensitivity of all tests was 100% and the specificity was 100%, 100%, and 99Á2% for PCR, Xpert TV, and LAMP, respectively. The inter-rater reliability was excellent for PCR: Xpert TV (kappa-coefficient = 1) and good for LAMP assay: Xpert TV/PCR (kappa-coefficient = 0Á98) and conventional PCR: LAMP (kappa-coefficient = 0Á98). The study highlights the importance of PCR for screening T. vaginalis in women, particularly in laboratories where the Xpert-TV assay is not available or not affordable. The LAMP assay showed a lower positive predictive value which merits further evaluation.

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Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis

Cited by 118 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of trichomonas vaginalis DNA from papanicolaou‐stained smears

Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swabs among symptomatic women from North India

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