Development of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack for an underwater vehicle

Han, In-Su; Kho, Back-Kyun; Cho, Sungbaek

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.049

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The catalytic activity of the cathode is an important issue to address in order to improve the performance of PEFCs. Many researchers have focused on the development of new Pt alloy catalysts and have paid attention to the control of particle size and Pt-Pt particle distance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Cell Performance in Low-Pt-Loading PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layers Prepared by the Electrospray Method

Takahashi

Kakinuma

Uchida

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The reduction of Pt loading in cathode catalysts is an important subject for developing polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In order to solve this problem without sacrificing performance, we prepared a uniform catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) by an electrospray (ES) method with a low Pt loading, 0.05 mg Pt cm −2 , which is one-tenth of the typical cathode Pt loading. The ES process has several advantages for the fabrication of thin catalyst layers (CLs), such as smaller droplets and accurate position control, compared with the pulse-swirl-spray (PSS) method. Highly uniform CLs were evaluated by use of a standard evaluation cell (area 29.2 cm 2 ). The ES method makes it possible to control precisely the coating area and reduce the losses of the catalyst ink. CLs cross sections prepared by focused ion beam milling indicated that the total occupation fraction of the pores in the CLs prepared by the ES method was about twice as large as that for the PSS method. The ES method improved the ionomer coverage, led to increased electrochemically active surface area, and constructed more porous CLs. The highly porous CLs prepared by the ES method contributed to the improvement of the cell performance.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Cell Performance in Low-Pt-Loading PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layers Prepared by the Electrospray Method

Takahashi

Kakinuma

Uchida

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…With two water separators and a set of four switching valves and their synchronous switching, they successfully eliminated active recirculation (recirculation pump) maintaining proper operation of the fuel cell system at the same time. A similar solution was presented in [60,61], where the authors proposed cascading-type or multi-stage construction of the PEM FC stack for dead-end operation. Their stack was developed to operate as air independent power source for underwater vehicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Fuzzy Control of Oxygen Flow in PEM Fuel Cells

Polak

2020

Energies

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This paper presents an alternative approach to the flow control of an oxidizer in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system in which pure oxygen is the gas supplied to the cathode channel of the stack. The proposed oxygen flow control is implemented based on information about the current drawn from the fuel cell stack and the voltage variation in the stack. This information and a fuzzy-logic-based control algorithm are used to increase oxygen utilization in a PEM fuel cell system without a recirculation system in relation to the control, in which the oxygen flow rate is determined only in proportion to the current drawn from the stack. To verify the validity of the adopted assumptions, simulation tests of the proposed fuzzy control algorithm were conducted, for which parameters were adopted arbitrarily and determined with help of genetic algorithms. For simulation research, the proposed empirical mathematical model was used, which describes the mathematical relationship between voltage variation in the stack and the stoichiometry of oxygen flow through the cathode of a fuel cell stack. The simulation results confirm that the proposed control method leads to an increase in the oxygen utilization in the system without oxygen recirculation compared to an open system with cathode stoichiometry set to a constant level.

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“…6 In addition, compared with the diesel propulsion systems, the fuel cell power propulsion systems for underwater vehicles would lower noise and be more sustainable for the ocean. 7,8 The most commonly used fuel cell for the power propulsion applications of the long cruising range underwater vehicles is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). 9 The PEMFC can achieve high hydrogen conversion efficiency at a low operating temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the fuel cell power propulsion systems are very popular for the long cruising range underwater vehicles since the fuel cells can provide sustained energy to the propulsion motor . In addition, compared with the diesel propulsion systems, the fuel cell power propulsion systems for underwater vehicles would lower noise and be more sustainable for the ocean. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Efficiency Double DC–DC Conversion System for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Power Propulsion System in Long Cruising Range Underwater Vehicles

Wang

2020

Energy Fuels

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In this paper, a high-efficiency double DC−DC conversion system is developed for a fuel cell/battery hybrid power propulsion system (HPPS) in long cruising range underwater vehicles. To improve the energy conversion efficiency from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to the battery, the operating characteristic of the PEMFC is first studied. Then, two types of DC−DC converters are integrated as the double DC−DC conversion system. The major DC−DC converter can assure high DC− DC conversion efficiency for the majority of the PEMFC output power, while the auxiliary DC−DC converter can track the maximum power point of the PEMFC. In addition, the auxiliary DC−DC converter also focuses on reducing the DC−DC energy losses when the PEMFC works with the standby power. Furthermore, the hysteresis control and the maximum power point tracking control methods are designed for the PEMFC/battery HPPS to implement the power distribution between the PEMFC and the battery. Analyses and validation are done based on a PEMFC/battery HPPS simulation platform and a load profile of an actual underwater vehicle. Compared with the single DC−DC conversion system, the double DC−DC conversion system can better match the operating modes and the output power of the PEMFC. For the long cruising range underwater vehicle at the full cruising range, the overall DC−DC conversion efficiency of the PEMFC/battery HPPS can be improved by about 2.49%.

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Development of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack for an underwater vehicle

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Improvement of Cell Performance in Low-Pt-Loading PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layers Prepared by the Electrospray Method

Improvement of Cell Performance in Low-Pt-Loading PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layers Prepared by the Electrospray Method

Simulation of Fuzzy Control of Oxygen Flow in PEM Fuel Cells

A High-Efficiency Double DC–DC Conversion System for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Power Propulsion System in Long Cruising Range Underwater Vehicles

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