Development of a Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®)

Craig, C.N.; Radisch, HR; Trozera, T.A.; Turner, PC; Govier, R.D.; E, Vesely; Gokcen, NA; Friend, C. M.; Edwards,

doi:10.1520/stp11151s

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Photochemical etching uses a photoresist and etchants to chemically remove unmasked material from metallic sheets or tubes in order to produce complex designs with high resolution 36. The stainless steel NIR (Boston Scientific Inc., Natick, MA), the stainless steel LP (Interventional Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA),37 and the nitinol aSpire (Vascular Architects Inc., San Jose, CA) stents were produced via this process. Photochemical etching has also been used in the fabrication of an origami stent fabricated from nitinol foil38 and in conjunction with 3D lithography to produce patterns on nitinol films formed via magnetron sputtering 39,40…”

Section: Stent Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabrication and nanotechnology in stent design

Martinez

Chaikof

2011

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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Intravascular stents were first introduced in the 1980s as an adjunct to primary angioplasty for management of early complications, including arterial dissection, or treatment of an inadequate technical outcome due to early elastic recoil of the atherosclerotic lesion. Despite the beneficial effects of stenting, persistent high rates of restenosis motivated the design of drug eluting stents for delivery of agents to limit the proliferative and other inflammatory responses within the vascular wall that contribute to the development of a restenotic lesion. These strategies have yielded a significant reduction in the incidence of restenosis, but challenges remain, including incomplete repair of the endothelium at the site of vascular wall injury that may be associated with a late risk of thrombosis. A failure of vessel wall healing has been attributed to primarily to the use of polymeric stent coatings, but the effects of the eluted drug and other material properties or design features of the stent cannot be excluded. Improvements in stent microfabrication, as well as the introduction of alternative materials may help to address those limitations that inhibit stent performance. This review describes the application of novel microfabrication processes and the evolution of new nanotechnologies that hold significant promise in eliminating existing shortcomings of current stent platforms.

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Section: Stent Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabrication and nanotechnology in stent design

Martinez

Chaikof

2011

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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“…The ~ 5 wt % alloys (IVT 30-series and 50 series), made earlier, are exploratory alloys; their processing parameters were somewhat less refined than either the BioDur 316LS or IVT 78. Corrective additions of Cr and Mo were made to all PERSS alloys to account for dilution resulting from the addition of platinum [3]. The corrections were made so the pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) of the PERSS alloys was equal to a PRE of 26 or greater; this was done by computing the corrections using the equation ] Alloys IVT 37, 38, 50 and 78 were consolidated by vacuum induction melting BioDur 316LS base with either a 5 wt% Pt addition (IVT 37, 38 and 50) or 6 wt % Pt addition (IVT 78) and enough additional Cr and Mo to return the overall composition to a PRE > 26.…”

Section: Alloy Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method consists of alloying precious metals, such as platinum, with a stainless steel. Such platinum additions enhance the radiopacity of stainless steel, leading to a new class of radiopaque stainless steels, PERSS ® 2 , for applications within the human body [3][4]. However, it must be shown that such alloying can be accomplished without significant reduction in the mechanical properties or corrosion resistance of the deployed stent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®) for Dilation-Balloon Expandable Coronary Stents

Covino

Craig

Cramer

et al. 2003

Stainless Steels for Medical and Surgical Applications

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Dilation-balloon expandable coronary stents are made of implant grade stainless steels, UNS S31673, e.g., BioDur ® 316LS. Boston Scientific / Interventional Technologies (BS/IVT) determined that addition of platinum to UNS S31673 could produce a stainless steel with enhanced radiopacity, which made such stents more visible radiographically. A goal of the program was to ensure the platinum additions would not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of the resulting 5-6 wt % PERSS ® alloys. Corrosion resistance of PERSS and BioDur 316LS was determined using electrochemical tests for general, pitting, crevice and intergranular corrosion. Experimental methods included A262E, F746, F2129, and potentiodynamic polarization. The ~ 6 wt % PERSS alloy (IVT 78) had a resistance to pitting, crevice and intergranular corrosion similar to base materials. IVT 78 was a single-phase austenitic PERSS alloy with no evidence of inclusions or precipitates; it was more resistant to pitting corrosion than the ~ 5 wt % PERSS alloys. PERSS performance was not a function of oxygen content in the range 0.01 to 0.03 wt %.

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The platinum chromium element stent platform: from alloy, to design, to clinical practice

et al. 2010

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Despite advances in polymer and drug technology, the underlying stent platform remains a key determinant of clinical outcome. A clear understanding of stent design and the differences between various stent platforms are of increasing importance for the interventional cardiologist. Reduction in stent strut thickness has been associated with improved stent deliverability, improved procedural outcome, and lower rates of subsequent restenosis. Newer-generation 316L-SS stent designs have enabled reduced strut thickness while retaining radial strength and minimizing recoil, but with significant loss of radiopacity, leading to reduced visibility. Cobalt chromium alloys have enabled a reduction in stent strut thickness to around 80-90 mm while retaining modest radiopacity, but due to higher elastic properties, have been associated with greater stent recoil. Development of a novel 33% platinum chromium alloy with high radial strength and high radiopacity has enabled design of a new, thin-strut, flexible, easily visualized, and highly trackable stent platform, the use of which is further illustrated in several clinical case descriptions.

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Development of a Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®)

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Microfabrication and nanotechnology in stent design

Microfabrication and nanotechnology in stent design

Corrosion Behavior of Platinum-Enhanced Radiopaque Stainless Steel (PERSS®) for Dilation-Balloon Expandable Coronary Stents

The platinum chromium element stent platform: from alloy, to design, to clinical practice

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