“…Today's society is facing a shortage of energy and mainly depends on fossil fuels to fulfill energy demand. Increasing cost, high carbon emission rate, pollution issues, global warming and limitation of supplies are some critical problems related to the use of fossil fuels to produce energy [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These challenges can be contained by sustainable consumption, efficient transformation of energy from one kind to another, and focusing on new cost-effective, clean, and green non-conventional renewable energy resources (RES) instead of conventional nonrenewable energy resources [1,7,8].…”