Development of a peri‐implantitis model in the rat

Abstract

Objectives The aim of the present study was to establish a rodent peri‐implantitis model induced by a mixed bacterial infection characterized by bone loss and semi‐quantitative graduation of peri‐implant inflammation in histological sections. Materials and Methods Two titanium implants were implanted in Sprague‐Dawley rats, bilaterally in each maxilla. After 3 weeks healing, the rats were randomized into three groups according to different treatments over the next 3 months: Antibiotic‐Group with oral lavage of antibiotics; Bacteria‐Group with oral lavage of Streptococcus oralis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; and Untreated Group with standard housing and no additional treatment. Maxillae were dissected to perform microscopic and histological analysis of bone height and peri‐implant tissues. Results The bone level, measured at one implant site per animal, in the Bacteria‐Group (2.60 ± 0.39 mm) was significantly reduced compared to the Antibiotic‐Group (2.29 ± 0.32 mm) after 3 months. The differences of bone height in the Bacteria‐Group and the Untreated Group (2.46 ± 0.27 mm) did not reach statistical significance. The inflammatory response with respect to the number of inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue compartments of the peri‐implant tissues in the Bacteria‐Group was significantly increased compared with the Antibiotic‐Group (p < .05). S. oralis and A. actinomycetemcomitans DNAs were detected in the Bacteria‐Group. Conclusions This rat model of peri‐implantitis used oral bacterial lavage for the induction of an inflammatory host response and bone loss. Additional bacterial treatment enhances the peri‐implant phenotype, so that significant differences to a reduced bacterial load similar to the human peri‐implantitis disease can be identified.

Evaluation of biofilm colonization on multi-part dental implants in a rat model

“…Experimental implantations were performed in 27 specific pathogen-free female ex-breeder Sprague-Dawley rats 47–48 weeks of age, which had been purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Sulzfeld, Germany). Animal numbers were chosen based on prior experience [ 42 ]. Throughout the experiment, rats were housed under SPF conditions, including nesting material, with free access to chow (1320 Maintenance diet for rats and mice, Altromin, Spezialfutter GmbH&Co.KG, Lage, Germany) and water ad libitum.…”

Pre-Clinical Models in Implant Dentistry: Past, Present, Future

“…Another possibility is to use the maxillary diastema, mesial to the molars. A recent study has successfully shown a model of peri-implantitis in this area [ 378 ], but the validity of this model has yet to be demonstrated [ 379 ]. The maxilla is also used for classic implant surface comparisons [ 376 ], mechanical testing [ 380 ], and analysis of pathophysiological processes [ 381 , 382 , 383 , 384 , 385 ].…”

“… Contribution of peri-implantitis studies in rat models to implantology: In periodontology, in humans, as in many other animals, chronic inflammation needs to be produced at the sulci of the tooth (with silk ligatures and/or microbial gavage) to produce periodontal destruction [ 388 ]. In the same way, peri-implantitis can be induced with a mixed bacterial infection ( Streptococcus oralis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ) [ 378 ]. Summary : The rat offers numerous advantages for implantology studies: it is a well-known model for systemic variation (diabetes, hormones), and therefore, for osseointegration in models of poor bone quality ( Table A1 ).…”

Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces

“…There seems to be consensus that plaque accumulation, bacterial pathogens, and immunological reactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis [4,6,8,9], and consequently, several treatment modalities [10] have been described. These options range from mechanical debridement, e.g., using a titanium brush [11] followed by the application of chlorhexidine [12,13] or 35% phosphoric acid [14] to air powder treatment with sodium carbonate [15], which may also be combined with local antibiotics or antiseptics [10].…”