Development of a Pan-European Monitoring System to Predict Emergence of First-Generation Raspberry Cane Midge in Raspberry

Gordon, Stuart C.; Barrie, I. A.; Woodford, J. A. T.; Grassi, A.; Zini, M.; Tuovinen, Tuomo; Lindqvist, Isa; Höhn, H.; Schmid, Katrina L.; Breniaux, D.; Brazier, C.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2002.585.49

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“…During the day adult weevils can be found in leaf litter, under pots or other suitable refuges. This behavior has been exploited using grooved boards placed 72 on the ground (Gordon et al 2003;Li et al 1995), corrugated card wrapped around stems of 73 larger bushes (Phillips 1989), and plastic crawling insect 'traps' (Pope et al 2018) that provide adult weevils with artificial refuges and so help to focus monitoring efforts. Indirect 75 monitoring of adult weevils is based on the presence of damage in the form of characteristic 76 'leaf-notching' from adult feeding to determine whether a crop is infested (Moorhouse et al 77 1992), but this approach also leads to a delay in detecting the presence of adult weevils 78 within crops, allowing oviposition to occur before control measures can be applied (van Identification of semiochemicals suitable for use as a vine weevil lure has proved 84 challenging.…”

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Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to Host Plant Odors

et al. 2019

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Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economically 20 important pest species in many soft-fruit and ornamental crops. Economic losses arise from 21 damage to the roots, caused by larvae, and to the leaves, caused by adults. As adults are nocturnal and larvae feed below ground, infestations can initially be missed, and controls 23 may, as a result, be applied too late. In the absence of a vine weevil sex or aggregation 24 pheromone being identified, the development of an effective semiochemical lure for better 25 management of this pest is likely to focus on host-plant volatiles. Here, we investigate the 26 electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult vine weevils to volatile organic 27 compounds (VOCs) originating from their preferred host plant Euonymus fortunei, and 28 synthetic VOCs associated with this host when presented individually or as blends. 29 Consistent electroantennographic responses were observed to a range of generalist VOCs. 30 Behavioral responses to VOCs, when presented individually, were found to be influenced by 31 the concentration of the compound to which the weevils were exposed. Vine weevil adults 32 showed directional movement towards a mixture of seven plant volatiles (methyl salicylate, 33 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-pentenol, and linalool) even 34 though either no response or negative responses were recorded to each of these compounds 35 when presented individually. Similarly, vine weevils showed directional movement towards a 36 1:1 ratio mixture of (Z)-2-pentenol and methyl eugenol. Results presented here point to the 37 importance of blends of generalist compounds and concentrations of VOCs in the 38 optimization of a lure.

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