DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE-STEP DUPLEX RT-qPCR FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS

Bogomolni, Andrea L.; Frasca, Salvatore; Matassa, Keith; Nielsen, Ole; Rogers, Kara; Guise, Sylvain De

doi:10.7589/2014-05-142

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Recently, a one-step duplex quantitative RT-PCR assay (RT-qPCR) based on TaqMan probe technology was developed to quantify PDV along with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene to simultaneously assess RNA quality [ 119 ]. This approach will be useful to reduce the likelihood of false negative diagnosis in degraded field samples.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Duignan

Bressem

Baker

et al. 2014

Viruses

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137

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Phocine distemper virus (PDV) was first recognized in 1988 following a massive epidemic in harbor and grey seals in north-western Europe. Since then, the epidemiology of infection in North Atlantic and Arctic pinnipeds has been investigated. In the western North Atlantic endemic infection in harp and grey seals predates the European epidemic, with relatively small, localized mortality events occurring primarily in harbor seals. By contrast, PDV seems not to have become established in European harbor seals following the 1988 epidemic and a second event of similar magnitude and extent occurred in 2002. PDV is a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus with minor sequence variation between outbreaks over time. There is now mounting evidence of PDV-like viruses in the North Pacific/Western Arctic with serological and molecular evidence of infection in pinnipeds and sea otters. However, despite the absence of associated mortality in the region, there is concern that the virus may infect the large Pacific harbor seal and northern elephant seal populations or the endangered Hawaiian monk seals. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on PDV with particular focus on developments in diagnostics, pathogenesis, immune response, vaccine development, phylogenetics and modeling over the past 20 years.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Duignan

Bressem

Baker

et al. 2014

Viruses

Self Cite

137

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“…RNA was screened for the PDV hemagglutinin (H) gene by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the StepOne-Plus platform (ABI, Beverly, MA) using qScript XLT One-Step RT-qPCR ToughMix ROX (VWR, Franklin, MA) and the previously described PDV H 116 primer set [29]. RT-PCR was performed as follows: 50°C, 10 min; 95°C, 1 min; (95°C, 3 s; 60°C, 30 s) for 45 cycles.…”

Section: (D) Real-time Rt-pcr Pdv Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus

et al. 2021

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Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a morbillivirus that circulates within pinnipeds in the North Atlantic. PDV has caused two known unusual mortality events (UMEs) in western Europe (1988, 2002), and two UMEs in the northwest Atlantic (2006, 2018). Infrequent cross-species transmission and waning immunity are believed to contribute to periodic outbreaks with high mortality in western Europe. The viral ecology of PDV in the northwest Atlantic is less well defined and outbreaks have exhibited lower mortality than those in western Europe. This study sought to understand the molecular and ecological processes underlying PDV infection in eastern North America. We provide phylogenetic evidence that PDV was introduced into northwest Atlantic pinnipeds by a single lineage and is now endemic in local populations. Serological and viral screening of pinniped surveillance samples from 2006 onward suggest there is continued circulation of PDV outside of UMEs among multiple species with and without clinical signs. We report six full genome sequences and nine partial sequences derived from harbour and grey seals in the northwest Atlantic from 2011 through 2018, including a possible regional variant. Work presented here provides a framework towards greater understanding of how recovering populations and shifting species may impact disease transmission.

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In Vitro Exposure of Harbor Seal Immune Cells to Aroclor 1260 Alters Phocine Distemper Virus Replication

Bogomolni

Frasca

Levin

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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In the last 30 years, several large-scale marine mammal mortality events have occurred, often in close association with highly polluted regions, leading to suspicions that contaminant-induced immunosuppression contributed to these epizootics. Some of these recent events also identified morbillivirus as a cause of or contributor to death. The role of contaminant exposures regarding morbillivirus mortality is still unclear. The results of this study aimed to address the potential for a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), specifically Aroclor 1260, to alter harbor seal T-lymphocyte proliferation and to assess if exposure resulted in increased likelihood of phocine distemper virus (PDV USA 2006) to infect susceptible seals in an in vitro system. Exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Aroclor 1260 did not significantly alter lymphocyte proliferation (1, 5, 10, and 20 ppm). However, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), lymphocytes exposed to 20 ppm Aroclor 1260 exhibited a significant decrease in PDV replication at day 7 and a significant increase at day 11 compared with unexposed control cells. Similar and significant differences were apparent on exposure to Aroclor 1260 in monocytes and supernatant. The results here indicate that in harbor seals, Aroclor 1260 exposure results in a decrease in virus early during infection and an increase during late infection. The consequences of this contaminant-induced infection pattern in a highly susceptible host could result in a greater potential for systemic infection with greater viral load, which could explain the correlative findings seen in wild populations exposed to a range of persistent contaminants that suffer from morbillivirus epizootics.

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DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE-STEP DUPLEX RT-qPCR FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Phocine Distemper Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus

In Vitro Exposure of Harbor Seal Immune Cells to Aroclor 1260 Alters Phocine Distemper Virus Replication

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