Development of a numerical model for the ballistic penetration of Fackler gelatine by small calibre projectiles

Gilson, L.; Rabet, L.; Imad, A.; Kakogiannis, Dimitrios; Coghe, F.

doi:10.1140/epjst/e2016-02640-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ballistic gelatin (BG) is a widely used mechanical simulant for soft tissues in ballistic tests used to study ballistic trauma in biological tissues. 1–4 The penetration depth, temporary cavity, energy transfer of the projectile, and permanent damage in a gelatin block and that in muscle tissue are similar. 5–7 Experimental and analytical studies on the penetration mechanism of BG are of great importance in wound ballistics and defense industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A resistance force model for spherical projectiles penetrating ballistic gelatin based on cavity expansion theory

Liu

Fan

Wang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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To investigate the penetration mechanism of spherical projectiles into soft tissues, ballistic gelatin was used as tissue substitute in ballistic tests. A theoretical motion model was established based on the cavity expansion theory. We first presented a quasi-static cylindrical cavity expansion model for the radial stress at the cavity wall of a cracked-hyperelastic material. The pressure on the cavity surface, PS, was also defined as the energy required to open a unit volume in the medium quasi-statically. Based on this interpretation, we proposed an approximate expression for the dynamic pressure, P, acting on the surface of the cavity by analyzing the energy transformation and conservation. Then, based on the analysis and solutions of the cylindrical cavity expansion model, we obtained a resistance force model for spherical projectiles, which consisted of an inertial term and a rate-dependent strength term. Subsequently, ballistic tests, in which gelatin blocks were penetrated by spherical projectiles of different materials and sizes, were analyzed, and the parameters in the resistance model were identified using the test results obtained from the 3 mm steel projectile. Further, the ability of the motion model to describe the motion of spherical projectiles penetrating ballistic gelatin was verified by comparing the calculated and measured results from projectiles of different materials and sizes. The proposed motion model based on the cavity expansion theory can therefore provide a basis for understanding the interaction of small arms ammunition and soft tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A resistance force model for spherical projectiles penetrating ballistic gelatin based on cavity expansion theory

Liu

Fan

Wang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…To study the cavity expansion process, ballistic gelatin, hereinafter referred to as gelatin, is widely used in ballistic experiments as soft tissue surrogates, [6][7][8][9] which have shown that penetrators can produce approximately the same temporary cavity in the 10 wt% gelatin at 4°C (or 20 wt% gelatin at 10°C) as that in the biological muscle targets. Previous studies have established some empirical formula to calculate the maximum size of the temporary cavity, 3,8,[10][11][12] which are incapable of describing the dynamic expansion process of the cavities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variations of the temporary cavity volume are shown as scatter plots in Figure11. The cavity volume reached the maximum value of 920 cm 3 in 2.43 ms. Figure11also illustrates the model predictions as solid lines by solving equation(6) with parameters listed in Table3for comparisons. The statistic, R 2 , of model predictions compared with the experiments are 0.9990.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

Liu¹,

Yang

Huang³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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To investigate the expansion mechanism of the temporary cavity produced by high-speed penetrators into ballistic gelatin, a dynamic spherical-cavity-expansion model for gelatin targets was proposed with consideration of the outer boundary size. The theoretical solution of the cavity radial stress was obtained and the energy conversion and conservation relation during the cavity expansion process was established. The influence of the finite boundary to the solutions of the cavity radial stress and the deformation energy in the medium was analyzed. The energy conversion and conservation relation was applied to penetration process of high-speed penetrators into soft targets and regarded as the temporary cavity expansion model. This model is a nonlinear first order differential equation about the cavity radius, which can be solved numerically to obtain the variation of temporary cavity volume with time. Experimental results of high-speed penetrators (bullets and fragment simulating projectile with different shapes) penetrating into ballistic gelatin were analyzed. Temporary cavity results of rhombic fragment simulating projectiles were used to estimate the parameters in the model. Then, model predictions were compared with the temporary cavity results of bullets, spheres and cylinders to verify the reliability of the model. It was found that: (1) if the ratio of the cavity radius to the initial target boundary radius exceeds 0.62, the error caused by ignoring the boundary size effect will exceed 10%; (2) Model predictions for temporary cavity volume of penetration produced by various penetrators are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber sold under the brand names Dyneema ® and Spectra ® or aramid fiber sold under the brand names Twaron ® or Kevlar ® is often the constituent yarns in these biaxial structures. [17][18][19] In compliance with NIJ standards, ballistic testing was performed on the generated panels by Karahan et al 20 Twaron CT 70 type Twaron CT 70 type combined composite panels used in body armor with various fabric coefficients employing three stitching styles. The test findings showed that the ballistic properties were influenced by the fabric coefficient and stitch type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of manufacturing parameters on various composite plates under ballistic impact

Arı

Karahan

Kopar

et al. 2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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In this study, the usability of several composite plates in level III and level IV body armors were examined, along with the ballistic resistance, protection level, and production parameters of each plate. For level III protection, composite panels are made using the heat pressing method under various pressures, and for level IV composites, ceramic plates of various thicknesses are reinforced on the back with various composite materials. Ballistic tests using the NIJ standards were performed on the created composite panels. There were delaminations between the layers as a result of the ballistic test in the level III protective panels produced at 140 bar pressure, but there was no puncture in the panels produced at 250 bar pressure, and the depth of trauma was reduced to a minimum. These observations were made using samples produced at 90 bar pressure under controlled conditions. Level IV panels were subjected to dry and wet ballistic tests, and the results of these tests showed that K-flex reinforced ceramics were impervious to punctures. It has been found that aramid-reinforced epoxy ceramic panels and UD H62 reinforced ceramics have superior ballistic qualities and are 6% lighter.

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Development of a numerical model for the ballistic penetration of Fackler gelatine by small calibre projectiles

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

A resistance force model for spherical projectiles penetrating ballistic gelatin based on cavity expansion theory

A resistance force model for spherical projectiles penetrating ballistic gelatin based on cavity expansion theory

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

The effect of manufacturing parameters on various composite plates under ballistic impact

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