Development of a Numerical Model for Evaluating the Effect of Litter Layer on Evaporation

Park, Hotaek; Hattori, Satoshi; Tanaka, Takafumi

doi:10.1007/bf02760289

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The first method consists of adding a specific ground resistance in order to reduce the soil evaporation due to the presence of a litter layer. For example, Sakaguchi and Zeng (2009) and Park et al (1998) have used this method in their models with the resistance depending on the leaf area index (LAI) of the litter or its thickness. The second method utilizes an explicit model to represent the effects of the litter.…”

Section: Explicit Model For Litter In Isba-mebmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model multi-energy balance (MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 2: Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) need to balance a complicated trade-off between computational cost and complexity in order to adequately represent the exchanges of energy, water and matter with the atmosphere and the ocean. Some current generation LSMs use a simplified or composite canopy approach that generates recurrent errors in simulated soil temperature and turbulent fluxes. In response to these issues, a new version of the interactions between soilbiosphere-atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model has recently been developed that explicitly solves the transfer of energy and water from the upper canopy and the forest floor, which is characterized as a litter layer. The multi-energy balance (MEB) version of ISBA is first evaluated for three well-instrumented contrasting local-scale sites, and sensitivity tests are performed to explore the behavior of new model parameters. Second, ISBA-MEB is benchmarked against observations from 42 forested sites from the global micrometeorological network (FLUXNET) for multiple annual cycles.It is shown that ISBA-MEB outperforms the composite version of ISBA in improving the representation of soil temperature, ground, sensible and, to a lesser extent, latent heat fluxes. Both versions of ISBA give comparable results in terms of simulated latent heat flux because of the similar formulations of the water uptake and the stomatal resistance. However, MEB produces a better agreement with the observations of sensible heat flux than the previous version of ISBA for 87.5 % of the simulated years across the 42 forested FLUXNET sites. Most of this improvement arises owing to the improved simulation of the ground conduction flux, which is greatly improved using MEB, especially owing to the forest litter parameterization. It is also shown that certain processes are also modeled more realistically (such as the partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration and ground evaporation), even if certain statistical performances are neutral. The analyses demonstrate that the shading effect of the vegetation, the explicit treatment of turbulent transfer for the canopy and ground, and the insulating thermal and hydrological effects of the forest floor litter turn out to be essential for simulating the exchange of energy, water and matter across a large range of forest types and climates.

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Section: Explicit Model For Litter In Isba-mebmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model multi-energy balance (MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 2: Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites

et al. 2017

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“…For forest fire hazard assessment, predicting the moisture content of the litter layer is also significant (Viney and Hatton, 1990). Furthermore, the litter layer helps limit soil moisture loss from evaporation and reduces the amplitude of soil temperature by insulating the surface (Bristow et al, 1986;Bussiere and Cellier, 1994;Park et al, 1998;Gonzalez-Sosa et al, 1999). These findings show that the litter layer is an important hydrological component in controlling both water and energy transfer between the sub-canopy atmosphere and the soil (Pitman, 1989;Viney and Hatton, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental analysis of moisture dynamics of litter layers—the effects of rainfall conditions and leaf shapes

Sato

Kumagai

Kume

et al. 2004

Hydrological Processes

138

183

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Abstract:The effects of rainfall conditions and the morphological characteristics of leaves on the moisture dynamics of litter layers were investigated. Maximum water storage capacity and interception storage capacity under various rainfall conditions were evaluated for two contrasting litter types: a needle-leaf type, represented by Cryptomeria japonica leaves; and a broad-leaf type, represented by Lithocarpus edulis leaves. An artificial rainfall simulator was applied to measure each litter type's interception storage capacity under various rainfall intensities. Our results indicated that (1) the maximum water storage capacity of each litter layer was proportional to the litter mass (kg/m 2 ) regardless of layer thickness; (2) the litter interception storage capacity increased with rainfall intensity in the range of realistic rainfall conditions (under 50 mm/h); (3) the broad-leaf litter of L. edulis intercepted more rainwater than the needle-leaf litter of C. japonica; and (4) the rainwater moved laterally in the litter layer of L. edulis whereas it moved directly down in the litter layer of C. japonica. These results show that not only the litter mass but also the rainfall conditions and leaf shapes are important in evaluating the moisture dynamics of litter layers.

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“…This approach may overestimate I L when leaves are partially wetted during light rainfalls. Moreover, the effect of litter thickness on I L and evaporation has been rarely addressed (but see Park et al, ; Guevara‐Escobar et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

Xiao

Niu

et al. 2017

Hydrological Processes

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Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr−1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (Cmax and Cmin) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter Cmax and Cmin were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter Cmax and Cmin increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown Cmax and Cmin for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its Cmax and Cmin were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter Cmax and Cmin between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions.

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Development of a Numerical Model for Evaluating the Effect of Litter Layer on Evaporation

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model multi-energy balance (MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 2: Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites

The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model multi-energy balance (MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 2: Introduction of a litter formulation and model evaluation for local-scale forest sites

Experimental analysis of moisture dynamics of litter layers—the effects of rainfall conditions and leaf shapes

Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

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