Development of a novel sequential pretreatment strategy for the production of bioethanol from sugarcane trash

Evaluation of ultrasound assisted potassium permanganate pre-treatment of spent coffee waste

“…A difference in peaks between the native biomass and its pretreated counterpart at 22° is an indication of the effectiveness of the pretreatment, caused due to the increase in disorderliness of the structure of the biomass. Raghavi et al (2016) in their study involving sugar cane bagasse reported a similar increase in biomass crystallinity which was imparted by the increase in cellulose content. Furthermore, an increase in crystallinity signals the removal of amorphous components such lignin and hemicellulose leaving behind the crystalline cellulose.…”

“…Dried samples of the untreated and pretreated SCW were subject to FE-SEM. FE-SEM analysis was completed using a Hitachi SU-70 Field emission microscope operating at electron beam energy of 0.5 keV (Raghavi et al, 2016).…”

“…The major factors that govern enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose are chemical composition of the biomass (especially lignin content), crystallinity of cellulose, available surface area and the presence of acetyl groups (Ravindran & Jaiswal, 2016). An efficient pretreatment strategy should maximise the efficacy of enzymatic saccharification while minimising the formation of inhibitors along with effluent generation while operating in low energy demand, capital and operational costs (Raghavi et al, 2016). Spent coffee waste (SCW) is the solid material obtained after brewing of instant coffee.…”

“…The FTIR spectrum was recorded from 4000 to 400 cm -1 with 16 scans at a resolution of 0.3 cm -1 in transmission mode (Raghavi et al, 2016).…”

Two-step sequential pretreatment for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee spent waste

“…The morphological structure of spent coffee waste and the effect of pretreatment on the same were analysed by performing Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi SU-70) (Raghavi et al, 2016). Dried samples of the untreated and pretreated coffee waste were subject to FE-SEM, operating at the electron beam energy of 0.5 keV…”