Development of a novel Poly (I:C)-induced murine model with accelerated lupus nephritis and examination of the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil and a cathepsin S inhibitor

Proposal of a cutaneous lupus erythematosus‐like keratinocyte model in vitro under local conditions using interferon‐alpha and Poly I:C and its use in examining the therapeutic effects of tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor

“…Polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a synthetic nucleic acid, has been reported to accelerate the emergence of lupus manifestations in several lupus‐prone mouse models in macrophages and kidney cells via the stimulation of toll‐like receptor 3 3 . In a mouse model of impaired clearance of endogenous nucleic acids, SLE‐like skin symptoms have been reported 4 .…”

“…Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a synthetic nucleic acid, has been reported to accelerate the emergence of lupus manifestations in several lupus-prone mouse models in macrophages and kidney cells via the stimulation of toll-like receptor 3. 3 In a mouse model of impaired clearance of endogenous nucleic acids, SLE-like skin symptoms have been reported. 4 Moreover, one crucial hallmark of SLE is the dysregulation of type 1 interferon (IFN), and the approval of anifrolumab, an anti-type 1 IFN receptor antibody, marks a major advance in the treatment of SLE.…”

SLIRP promotes autoimmune diseases by amplifying antiviral signaling via positive feedback regulation

“…To further investigate the significance of SLIRP upregulation, we employed polyinosinic-polycyticylic acid (poly I:C), a synthesized double-stranded RNA widely utilized to induce the inflammatory responses that can mimic etiology of autoimmune diseases 44,[57][58][59][60][61] . First, we confirmed that stimulating cells with poly I:C results in significant upregulation of mtRNAs (Figure 1C).…”