Development of a novel multiplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Plasmodium caprae from Theileria luwenshuni and Babesia spp. in goats

Tu, Huynh Luu Cam; Nugraheni, Yudhi Ratna; Tiawsirisup, Sonthaya; Saiwichai, Tawee; Thiptara, Anyarat; Kaewthamasorn, Morakot

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105957

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…5A). It should be noted that goat malaria parasites were previously found in Nan, Kanchanaburi, and Phetchaburi 10,25 . Nan is in a high mountainous area that is traversed by the Nan River, while the other three Western provinces are surrounded by dense rainforests (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, no sporozoites were observed in the salivary glands of these mosquitoes. This is most likely due to the low prevalence (2–5%) and very low parasitemia of P. caprae in goats 4 , 10 , 25 , resulting in a low infection rate and parasite burden in mosquitoes. The results of this study agreed with the findings of previous studies that showed anopheline mosquitoes could be vectors of ungulate malaria parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primers and thermocycling conditions used for Plasmodium detection are described in detail in Table S2 . P. caprae from a previous study was used as a positive control 25 and sterile distilled water as a no template negative control. All PCR amplifications were conducted in an Axygen® MaxyGene Thermal Cycler (Life science, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known about the vectors of P. caprae , which is also endemic in many other Asian countries. Although several research studies have been carried out on the prevalence, diagnosis, and evolutionary history of P. caprae thus far, no information about its vectors has been reported 10 , 25 . In the present study, we hypothesize that the mosquito vectors of P. caprae are endemic in Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand

Nguyen

Pattaradilokrat

Kaewlamun

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Unlike malaria parasites in humans, non-human primates, rodents, and birds, ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors have received little attention. As a result, understanding of the hosts, vectors, and biology of ungulate malaria parasites has remained limited. In this study, we aimed to identify the vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae. A total of 1019 anopheline and 133 non-anopheline mosquitoes were collected from goat farms in Thailand, where P. caprae-infected goats were discovered. Anopheline mosquitoes were identified using molecular biological methods that target the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) genes, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Pool and individual mosquitoes were tested for P. caprae using the head-thorax parts that contain the salivary glands, with primers targeting three genetic markers including cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Additionally, goat blood samples were collected concurrently with mosquito surveys and screened to determine the status of malaria infection. This study revealed nine mosquito species belonging to six groups on goat farms, including Hyrcanus, Barbirostris, Subpictus, Funestus, Tessellatus, and Annularis. The DNA of P. caprae was detected in Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles aconitus. This is the first time An. subpictus and An. aconitus have been implicated as probable vectors of P. caprae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand

Nguyen

Pattaradilokrat

Kaewlamun

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…We also obtained an isolate phylogenetically distinct from other analyzed sequences (MW786652; 98.75% identity with Theileria sequences in GenBank), which may be a new Theileria sp., although more studies are needed to verify this claim. On the other hand, T. luwenshuni, which is a common species in goats reported from nearby Southeast Asian countries, namely, Thailand [ 34 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], Myanmar [ 56 ], and Vietnam [ 50 , 57 , 58 ], was not confirmed in the obtained sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

First Molecular Identification of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in Goats from the Philippines

et al. 2022

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Goats are key livestock animals and goat raising is an income-generating venture for smallholder farmers, supporting agricultural development in many parts of the world. However, goat production is often limited by various factors, such as tick-borne diseases. Goat piroplasmosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., while anaplasmosis is caused by bacterial Anaplasma spp. In the Philippines, the presence of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma has not been reported in goats. In this study, DNA obtained from goats were molecularly screened for Babesia/Theileria and Anaplasma. Of 396, 77.02% (305/396) and 38.64% (153/396) were positive for piroplasma and Anaplasma using PCR assays targeting the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Similarly, Babesia ovis was detected in six samples (1.52%). Representative Babesia/Theileria sequences shared 89.97–97.74% identity with each other and were most closely related to T. orientalis, T. annulata, and Theileria spp. Meanwhile, Anaplasma 16SrRNA sequences were related to A. odocoilei, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum. This is the first molecular identification of B. ovis, Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. in goats from the Philippines.

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Seasonal dynamics and genetic characterization of bovine arthropod-borne parasites in Nan Province, Thailand with molecular identification of Anaplasma platys and Trypanosoma theileri

Arnuphapprasert,

Nugraheni,

Khunmanee

et al. 2024

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Development of a novel multiplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of Plasmodium caprae from Theileria luwenshuni and Babesia spp. in goats

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand

Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand

First Molecular Identification of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma in Goats from the Philippines

Seasonal dynamics and genetic characterization of bovine arthropod-borne parasites in Nan Province, Thailand with molecular identification of Anaplasma platys and Trypanosoma theileri

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