Development of a Novel Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Electrode for the Determination of Sulfasalazine

Abstract

A novel molecularly imprinted overoxidized polypyrrole electrode was produced for the determination of sulfasalazine (SSZ). The electrode was attained by electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a pencil graphite electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The SSZ was penetrated into the structure during the process. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine performance of imprinted (MIP) and non‐imprinted (NIP) electrodes. The linear range was attained in the range between 1.0 to 10.0 ppm of SSZ (R2=0.9993) with a detection limit of 0.265 ppm. The developed MIP electrode and analysis method are suitable for analysis of SSZ with reproducible response and precision in real samples.

A new molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor based on CuCo2O4/N‐doped CNTs/P‐doped GO nanocomposite for detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum samples

“…According to the results (Figure 6A, part c), with the increase of scan rate from 10 to 100 mV/s using constant conditions such as pH of 7.5 PBS (0.1 M), Py/25(OH)D 3 mole ratio of 1:0.5, and incubation time of 15 min, the signal considerably decreased and the best result was obtained at 10 mV/s. This phenomenon can be due to the porous and thicker layer formation at higher scan rates, which harden the removal and rebinding of 25(OH)D 3 69 . In order to adjust the ionic strength, the concentration of PBS was varied from 0.0125 to 0.1 M using constant conditions such as pH of 7.5, Py/25(OH)D 3 mole ratio of 1:0.25, scan rate of 10 mV/s, and incubation time of 15 min.…”

Molecular Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensors for Small Drug Analysis: Progress to Practical Application

“…This highlights the interplay between site accessibility and sensor analytical range. Polypyrrole overoxidation is able to increase film porosity and binding site availability, generating an increased magnitude of response in the case of the antibiotic – sulphasalazine [60]. Lowered film capacity from reduced electropolymerization achieving higher sensitivity from the start was shown for a thin (500 nm) MIP for acetaminophen [61].…”

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

“…An easy way to cover the PGE surface is to apply multiple CV scans to a solution containing the desired modifier(s) [20,60,86,87,108], most often resulting in electrode surface polymeric films like polypyrrole [86,109,110], polyaniline [105,109], poly(2-thiobarbituric acid) [59], poly(Azure-B) [45], poly(xylenol orange) [46], poly(eriochrom black T) [111,112], poly(bromocresol green) [113], etc. or MIPs if the polymerization solutions contain both the monomer(s) and the analyte(s), which act as template molecule(s) [38,49,89,91,92,106,107,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] (Table 3). Covering an electrode with electrogenerated polymeric films is simple, rapid, and cost-effective and results in sensors with enhanced electrochemical performance characteristics.…”

“…The modifications of the PGEs either in the final form or during the intermediate steps involving the deposition of various materials [53,60,69,85,86,127,130,131,143] must be proven by surface analysis using non-destructive techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [41,46,52,60,67,87,88,106,119,124,127,133,[144][145][146]151], field effect SEM (FE-SEM) [108,110,128,134,142,150], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [52,87,134,144,146], and atomic force microscopy (AFM) [36,37,109,110]. These techniques, either alone or in combination, give valuable information about the surface morphology (e.g., texture and distribution of the materials [50,62,65,72,90,…”