Development of a novel epoxy resin based on epoxidized chia oil as matrix and maleinized chia oil as bio‐renewable crosslinker

Abstract

In this work novel thermosetting resins with high bio-based content have been developed derived from chia seed oil (CO). Epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) was used as bio-based epoxy matrix with different mixtures of crosslinker agents, that is, methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) as petroleum-derived and maleinized chia seed oil (MCO) as bio-based crosslinker. The chemically modified oils from CO, that is, ECO and MCO, and MNA were analyzed by titration and FT-IR. Additional 1 H NMR analysis was performed to characterize MCO structure. Two different behaviors were observed using the mixtures of crosslinkers. On one hand, MNA increases the rigidity with bio-based content of 54.2%. On the other hand, the addition of MCO provides higher ductility with bio-based content up to 98%. The same trend was observed by DMTA analysis. The novel cured resins were successfully crosslinked as demonstrated by the mechanical properties, FT-IR analyses, and gel content. Based on the results, it is concluded that MCO presents higher reactivity than MNA, decreasing curing time with possible energy saving at industrial level. In general, the results showed that adding the appropriate amount of MCO, green thermosetting resins with the desired thermal and mechanical properties can be manufactured with high bio-based content. K E Y W O R D Sbio-based epoxy resin, chia seed oil, curing time, ductility, epoxidized chia seed oil, maleinized chia seed oil

Epoxidized and Maleinized Hemp Oil to Develop Fully Bio-Based Epoxy Resin Based on Anhydride Hardeners

“…This is due to the maleic anhydride used as a reagent in the maleinization process of virgin hemp oil [ 36 ]. This proposal has been supported by studies where maleinized chia oil, which is chemically very similar to MHO, has been analyzed using NMR [ 37 ]. In this study, it was concluded that the characteristic peak at 2.8–3.2 ppm is attributed to the methylene and succinic protons created after the maleinization of the oil.…”

“…In this case, it can be seen how the flexural strength decreases from almost 7 MPa for the sample 100MNA to 1 MPa for the sample with the highest MHO content (100MHO). This decrease in mechanical strength properties is related to the chemical structure of the hardeners used since, on the one hand, MNA, which is a cyclic anhydride, confers rigidity to the mixture and, on the other hand, MHO, composed of triglycerides, provides flexibility to the samples containing it [ 37 ]. Rösch and Mülhaupt [ 44 ], obtained highly flexible and rubber-like crosslinking polymers using anhydrides (succinic, hexaphydrophthalic and norbornene dicarboxylic acid) as a bio-based epoxy matrix epoxidized soybean oil.…”

Mechanically Enhanced 3D Printable Photocurable Resin Composed of Epoxy Waste Cooking Oil and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate

“…In the realm of various biomass derivatives, epoxidized vegetable oils exhibit a wide range of favorable attributes, including a broad source base, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, and sustainability. These characteristics have led to their increasingly widespread application in novel thermosetting resins Page 3/18 [23,24] , UV-curable resins [25] , functional coatings [26][27][28] , and plasticizers [29,30] for resins. In the context of 3D printing consumables design, epoxidized vegetable oils demonstrate signi cant versatility.…”