Development of a Novel Degradation-Controlled Magnesium-Based Regeneration Membrane for Future Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Therapy

Abstract

Abstract:This study aimed to develop and evaluate the ECO-friendly Mg-5Zn-0.5Zr (ECO505) alloy for application in dental-guided bone regeneration (GBR). The microstructure and surface properties of biomedical Mg materials greatly influence anti-corrosion performance and biocompatibility. Accordingly, for the purpose of microstructure and surface modification, heat treatments and surface coatings were chosen to provide varied functional characteristics. We developed and integrated both an optimized solution heat-treatment condition and surface fluoride coating technique to fabricate a Mg-based regeneration membrane. The heat-treated Mg regeneration membrane (ARRm-H380) and duplex-treated regeneration membrane group (ARRm-H380-F24 h) were thoroughly investigated to characterize the mechanical properties, as well as the in vitro corrosion and in vivo degradation behaviors. Significant enhancement in ductility and corrosion resistance for the ARRm-H380 was obtained through the optimized solid-solution heat treatment; meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of ARRm-H380-F24 h showed further improvement, resulting in superior substrate integrity. In addition, the ARRm-H380 provided the proper amount of Mg-ion concentration to accelerate bone growth in the early stage (more than 80% new bone formation). From a specific biomedical application point of view, these research results point out a successful manufacturing route and suggest that the heat treatment and duplex treatment could be employed to offer custom functional regeneration membranes for different clinical patients.

The Condensation of Collagen Leads to an Extended Standing Time and a Decreased Pro-inflammatory Tissue Response to a Newly Developed Pericardium-based Barrier Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration

“…Each of the two study groups contained 20 experimental animals and 5 animals were used for implantation of the respective biomaterial per time point (n=5), i.e., 10, 30, 60 and 90 days. The implantation was conducted following the protocol described by 28,30). Initially, the animals were anesthetized via an intraperitoneal injection of 10 ml ketamine (50 mg/ml) and 1.6 ml xylazine (2%) and their dorsal skin within the subscapular region was shaved and disinfected.…”

“…Furthermore, four additional sections of every tissue explant were used for immunohistochemical detection of macrophages and their M1-and M2-subtypes by means of antibodies against pro-and antiinflammatory molecules, i.e., hemoglobin scavenger receptor (CD163) and mannose receptor (MR, also known as CD206) based on previously published methods (28,(30)(31)(32). Briefly, the slides were initially treated with citrate buffer and proteinase K at pH 8 for 20 min in a water bath at 96˚C followed by equilibration using TBS-T buffer.…”

“…Histomorphometrical analysis. The histomorphometrical analyses included the comparative measurements of the occurrence of antiinflammatory and pro-inflammatory macrophages within the implant beds of the membranes as previously described (24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Briefly, "total scans" were generated with the aid of a specialized scanning microscope consisting of an Axio.Scope.A1 microscope combined with an Axiocam 305 color digital camera and an automatic scanning table (Maerzhaeuser, Wetzlar, Germany) connected to a computer system running the ZEN Core software (all: Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).…”

“…Other approaches to increase the functional life span of collagen membranes, is to use a combination of collagen with different materials such as synthetic polymers like polycaprolactone (PCL), or resorbable metals like magnesium (Mg) (27,28). The combination of collagen with synthetic materials in the form of grids has been examined not only to increase the standing time of the membrane, but also to improve the volume stability.…”

Biodegradable Metals

“…A higher compaction temperature of 500 • C had a detrimental effect on material consolidation processes at compacting pressures above 200 MPa. Apart from using Mg-based implants as a supporting device for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications, Da-Jun Lin et al [10] evaluated the possibility of using Mg-5Zn-0.5Zr alloy for dental-guided bone regeneration. They managed to develop and integrate an optimized solution of heat-treatment and surface fluoride coating to produce an Mg-based regeneration membrane.…”