Development of a novel bag-mediated filtration system for environmental recovery of poliovirus

Fagnant, Christine Susan; Beck, Nicola K.; Yang, Ming‐Jen; Barnes, Kilala Sayisha; Boyle, David S.; Meschke, John Scott

doi:10.2166/wh.2014.032

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Technicians from the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Center for Virus Research in Nairobi, Kenya and the University of Pretoria in Pretoria, South Africa were trained in-person on the use of the BMFS field kit and laboratory protocols (Fagnant et al 2014(Fagnant et al , 2017(Fagnant et al , 2018. Trainees received detailed illustrated protocols, a one-page "quicksheet" reference protocol, and a training video describing the BMFS field sampling protocol.…”

Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences observed between the BMFS and twophase PV detection results could also be due to the variable recovery rates between the three PV types. Previous efforts have found PV recoveries of 38-48% for PV1, 56-89% for PV2, and 70-88% for PV3 during seeded studies with Viro-Cap filters and a variety of water sources (Fagnant et al 2014). PV recovery could be affected by charge interactions as the viral capsid is negatively charged when at a pH below the isoelectric point.…”

Section: Virus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate PV environmental surveillance, a novel, alternative method for sample collection and processing was developed, the bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) (Fagnant et al 2014(Fagnant et al , 2018. BMFS enables collection of large sample volumes (3-6 L wastewater or wastewater-impacted waters) and the ability for in-field filtration through a charged cartridge filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

et al. 2019

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The bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) was developed to facilitate poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, a supplement to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in PV eradication efforts. From April to September 2015, environmental samples were collected from four sites in Nairobi, Kenya, and processed using two collection/concentration methodologies: BMFS (> 3 L filtered) and grab sample (1 L collected; 0.5 L concentrated) with two-phase separation. BMFS and two-phase samples were analyzed for PV by the standard World Health Organization poliovirus isolation algorithm followed by intratypic differentiation. BMFS samples were also analyzed by a cell culture independent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and an alternative cell culture method (integrated cell culture-rRT-PCR with PLC/PRF/5, L20B, and BGM cell lines). Sabin polioviruses were detected in a majority of samples using BMFS (37/42) and two-phase separation (32/42). There was statistically more frequent detection of Sabin-like PV type 3 in samples concentrated with BMFS (22/42) than by two-phase separation (14/42, p = 0.035), possibly due to greater effective volume assayed (870 mL vs. 150 mL). Despite this effective volume assayed, there was no statistical difference in Sabin-like PV type 1 and Sabin-like PV type 2 detection between these methods (9/42 vs. 8/42, p = 0.80 and 27/42 vs. 32/42, p = 0.18, respectively). This study demonstrated that BMFS can be used for PV environmental surveillance and established a feasible study design for future research.

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Section: Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

et al. 2019

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“…Positively charged filters, such as ViroCap™ and NanoCeram® filters, have many benefits for environmental surveillance of viruses. Unlike negatively charged filters, positively charged filters do not require conditioning of the water prior to filtration, making in-field filtration and filtration of large sample volumes feasible (Cashdollar and Wymer 2013 ; Fagnant et al 2014 ; Fagnant et al 2017b ). Additionally, when ViroCap filters are used in conjunction with the bag-mediated filtration system, in-field gravity filtration of up to 10 L surface water and 3 L influent wastewater is feasible with no electrical power source (Fagnant et al 2014 ; Fagnant et al 2017b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike negatively charged filters, positively charged filters do not require conditioning of the water prior to filtration, making in-field filtration and filtration of large sample volumes feasible (Cashdollar and Wymer 2013 ; Fagnant et al 2014 ; Fagnant et al 2017b ). Additionally, when ViroCap filters are used in conjunction with the bag-mediated filtration system, in-field gravity filtration of up to 10 L surface water and 3 L influent wastewater is feasible with no electrical power source (Fagnant et al 2014 ; Fagnant et al 2017b ). ViroCap filters are commercially available, unlike glass wool filters, whose filter media is preconditioned and packed by hand (Ikner et al 2012 ; Cashdollar and Wymer 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an elution device for ViroCap virus filters

Fagnant¹,

Toles²,

Zhou

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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Environmental surveillance of waterborne pathogens is vital for monitoring the spread of diseases, and electropositive filters are frequently used for sampling wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface water. Viruses adsorbed to electropositive filters require elution prior to detection or quantification. Elution is typically facilitated by a peristaltic pump, although this requires a significant startup cost and does not include biosafety or cross-contamination considerations. These factors may pose a barrier for low-resource laboratories that aim to conduct environmental surveillance of viruses. The objective of this study was to develop a biologically enclosed, manually powered, low-cost device for effectively eluting from electropositive ViroCap™ virus filters. The elution device described here utilizes a non-electric bilge pump, instead of an electric peristaltic pump or a positive pressure vessel. The elution device also fully encloses liquids and aerosols that could contain biological organisms, thereby increasing biosafety. Moreover, all elution device components that are used in the biosafety cabinet are autoclavable, reducing cross-contamination potential. This device reduces costs of materials while maintaining convenience in terms of size and weight. With this new device, there is little sample volume loss due to device inefficiency, similar virus yields were demonstrated during seeded studies with poliovirus type 1, and the time to elute filters is similar to that required with the peristaltic pump. The efforts described here resulted in a novel, low-cost, manually powered elution device that can facilitate environmental surveillance of pathogens through effective virus recovery from ViroCap filters while maintaining the potential for adaptability to other cartridge filters.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10661-017-6258-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Use of Preservative Agents and Antibiotics for Increased Poliovirus Survival on Positively Charged Filters

et al. 2017

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Environmental surveillance of poliovirus (PV) and other non-enveloped viruses can help identify silent circulation and is necessary to certify eradication. The bag-mediated filtration system is an efficient method to filter large volumes of environmental waters at field sites for monitoring the presence of viruses. As filters may require long transit times to off-site laboratories for processing, viral inactivation or overgrowth of bacteria and fungi can interfere with virus detection and quantification (Miki and Jacquet in Aquatic Microb Ecol 51(2):195–208, 2008). To evaluate virus survival over time on ViroCap™ filters, the filters were seeded with PV type 1 (PV1) and/or MS2 and then dosed with preservatives or antibiotics prior to storage and elution. These filters were stored at various temperatures and time periods, and then eluted for PV1 and MS2 recovery quantification. Filters dosed with the preservative combination of 2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% calcium propionate had increased virus survival over time when stored at 25 °C, compared to samples stored at 25 °C with no preservatives. While elution within 24 h of filtration is recommended, if storage or shipping is required then this preservative mixture can help preserve sample integrity. Addition of an antibiotic cocktail containing cephapirin, gentamicin, and Proclin™ 300 increased recovery after storage at 4 and 25 °C, when compared to storage with no antibiotics. The antibiotic cocktail can aid sample preservation if access to appropriate antibiotics storage is available and sample cold chain is unreliable. This study demonstrated that the use of preservatives or antibiotics is a simple, cost-effective method to improve virus detection from ViroCap cartridge filters over time.

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Development of a novel bag-mediated filtration system for environmental recovery of poliovirus

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

Development of an elution device for ViroCap virus filters

Use of Preservative Agents and Antibiotics for Increased Poliovirus Survival on Positively Charged Filters

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