Development of a non‐contact 15‐second paediatric respiratory rate monitor using microwave radar and its clinical application

Katoh, Miyu; Kanazawa, Takeru; Abe, Yoshifusa; Sun, Guanghao; Matsui, Takemi

doi:10.1111/apa.16585

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Kim et al, 18 de Goederen et al, 5 Arasteh et al, 19 Katoh et al, 30 and Yoo et al 31 studied microwave radar and automated signal analysis for RR monitoring. De Goederen et al 5 used the RR for sleep stage classification.…”

Section: Microwave Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review

van der Linden,

Veldhoen,

Arasteh

et al. 2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Pediatric sleep‐related breathing disorders, or sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), cover a range of conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, sleep‐related hypoventilation disorders, and sleep‐related hypoxemia disorder. Pediatric SDB is often underdiagnosed, potentially due to difficulties associated with performing the gold standard polysomnography in children. This scoping review aims to: (1) provide an overview of the studies reporting on safe, noncontact monitoring of respiration in young children, (2) describe the accuracy of these techniques, and (3) highlight their respective advantages and limitations. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies researching techniques in children <12 years old. Both quantitative data and the quality of the studies were analyzed. The evaluation of study quality was conducted using the QUADAS‐2 tool. A total of 19 studies were included. Techniques could be grouped into bed‐based methods, microwave radar, video, infrared (IR) cameras, and garment‐embedded sensors. Most studies either measured respiratory rate (RR) or detected apneas; n = 2 aimed to do both. At present, bed‐based approaches are at the forefront of research in noncontact RR monitoring in children, boasting the most sophisticated algorithms in this field. Yet, despite extensive studies, there remains no consensus on a definitive method that outperforms the rest. The accuracies reported by these studies tend to cluster within a similar range, indicating that no single technique has emerged as markedly superior. Notably, all identified methods demonstrate capability in detecting body movements and RR, with reported safety for use in children across the board. Further research into contactless alternatives should focus on cost‐effectiveness, ease‐of‐use, and widespread availability.

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Section: Microwave Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review

van der Linden,

Veldhoen,

Arasteh

et al. 2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…In [ 28 ], a non-contact pediatric respiratory rate monitor (PRR-Monitor) was developed using a 24 GHz microwave radar to accurately determine respiratory waveform and heart rate (HR) in a 15 s interval. The algorithm, “Alternate Distinguishing Inhalation from Exhalation” (ADIE), effectively distinguishes inhalation and exhalation cycles using radar dual outputs (in-phase and quadratic), leading to precise thoracic motion velocity extraction and subsequent respiratory waveform derivation.…”

Section: Latest Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Radar for Simultaneous and Unobtrusive Monitoring of Respiratory and Heart Rates in Early Childhood: A Deep Transfer Learning Approach

Arasteh,

Veldhoen,

Long

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Unobtrusive monitoring of children’s heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) can be valuable for promoting the early detection of potential health issues, improving communication with healthcare providers and reducing unnecessary hospital visits. A promising solution for wireless vital sign monitoring is radar technology. This paper presents a novel approach for the simultaneous estimation of children’s RR and HR utilizing ultra-wideband (UWB) radar using a deep transfer learning algorithm in a cohort of 55 children. The HR and RR are calculated by processing radar signals via spectrogram from time epochs of 10 s (25 sample length of hamming window with 90% overlap) and then transforming the resultant representation into 2-dimensional images. These images were fed into a pre-trained Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG-16) model (trained on ImageNet dataset), with weights of five added layers fine-tuned using the proposed data. The prediction on the test data achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.3 beats per minute (BPM < 6.5% of average HR) and 2.63 breaths per minute (BPM < 7% of average RR). We also achieved a significant Pearson’s correlation of 77% and 81% between true and extracted for HR and RR, respectively. HR and RR samples are extracted every 10 s.

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“…As explained above, inspiration and expiration correspond to the direction of rotation in complex coordinates. 31 In the method of RR measurement proposed in this paper, outer product is used to determine the direction of rotation. Details of the method are given below.…”

Section: Proposal Of New Rr Calculation Algorithm Differentiating Bet...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a stand‐alone portable respiratory rate monitor using a Doppler radar

Katoh,

Kanazawa,

Abe

et al. 2023

Elect Comm in Japan

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Respiratory rate (RR) is known to be a more accurate predictor of clinical deterioration than other vital signs. However, there were few respiration measurement devices certified as medical devices that could be used in daily clinical settings. Therefore, using a bult‐in microcontroller (72×57×12 mm) instead of a personal computer, we developed a portable stand‐alone respiration measurement device with minimum workload in computing that can be used for non‐contact measurement in 30 s using a Doppler radar. In this study, the problems of respiration measurement using a Doppler radar, such as miscounting of respiratory peaks were clarified, and proposed device with respiratory peaks miscount prevention algorithm achieved high accuracy RR measurement. Clinical testing was conducted on pediatric outpatients of Children's Medical Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital. The measurement accuracy of the system was confirmed to be comparable to the respiration measurement accuracy of stationary certified medical devices used in hospital, such as capnometers and the chest wall impedance method used in bedside monitors.

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Development of a non‐contact 15‐second paediatric respiratory rate monitor using microwave radar and its clinical application

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review

Noncontact respiration monitoring techniques in young children: A scoping review

Ultra-Wideband Radar for Simultaneous and Unobtrusive Monitoring of Respiratory and Heart Rates in Early Childhood: A Deep Transfer Learning Approach

Development of a stand‐alone portable respiratory rate monitor using a Doppler radar

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