Development of a New Zero-Valent Iron Zeolite Material to Reduce Nitrate without Ammonium Release

Lee, Seung-Hak; Lee, Kwanghun; Rhee, Sung Min; Park, Junboum

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2007)133:1(6)

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To stabilize the synthesized iron nanoparticles, several strategies have been tested (12-16). Anionic hydrophilic carbon (13) and chitosan/silica (14) were successfully employed as supports to inhibit the aggregation of iron nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Highly Reactive Subnano-Sized Zero-Valent Iron Using Smectite Clay Templates

Jia

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

105

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A novel method was developed for synthesizing subnano-sized zero-valent iron (ZVI) using smectite clay layers as templates. Exchangeable Fe(III) cations compensating the structural negative charges of smectites were reduced with NaBH4, resulting in the formation of ZVI. The unique structure of smectite clay, in which isolated exchangeable Fe(III) cations reside near the sites of structural negative charges, inhibited the agglomeration of ZVI resulting in the formation of discrete regions of subnanoscale ZVI particles in the smectite interlayer regions. X-ray diffraction revealed an interlayer spacing of ~ 5 Å. The non-structural iron content of this clay yields a calculated ratio of two atoms of ZVI per three cation exchange sites, in full agreement with the XRD results since the diameter of elemental Fe is 2.5 Å. The clay-templated ZVI showed superior reactivity and efficiency compared to other previously reported forms of ZVI as indicated by the reduction of nitrobenzene; structural Fe within the aluminosilicate layers was nonreactive. At a 1:3 molar ratio of nitrobenzene:non-structural Fe, a reaction efficiency of 83% was achieved, and over 80% of the nitrobenzene was reduced within one minute. These results confirm that non-structural Fe from Fe(III)-smectite was reduced predominantly to ZVI which was responsible for the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline. This new form of subnano-scale ZVI may find utility in the development of remediation technologies for persistent environmental contaminants, e.g. as components of constructed reactive domains such as reactive caps for contaminated sediments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Highly Reactive Subnano-Sized Zero-Valent Iron Using Smectite Clay Templates

Jia

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

105

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“…Due to high reduction capacity, high efficiency, abundance, cheapness, and its unique atomic, molecular, and chemical properties, nZVI has been used in the treatment of nitrate contaminated water (20,21). Despite numerous benefits of this technology, there are limitations in the use of nZVI such as pH control, ammonium production, and particle aggregation (20,22). Adding nZVI to the water containing nitrate and nitrite induces the production of Fe 2 + and ammonia (NH 4 + ) or N 2 gas (reactions 1 and 2) (23 Accordingly, nZVI dose, initial concentration, contact time, and ionic strength were evaluated using a statistical model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

2014

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Background: Contamination of water resources with nitrate is a serious environmental problem in many regions of the world. In addition, this problem has been observed in some regions of Iran. As Nitrate is threatening for human health and environment, it must be decreased to standard levels in drinking water. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to model the nitrate removal from water by nano-scaled zero-valent iron (nZVI) using response surface methodology and to investigate the effects of the nZVI dose, nitrate concentration, contact time, and ionic strength on removal efficiency. Materials and Methods: Box-Behnken design was used. Response surface methodology was used for modeling nitrate removal. All experiments were conducted according to standard methods. Important assessed parameters included nZVI dose (0.5-2 g/L), nitrate concentration (50-150 mg/L), contact time (15-60 minutes), and ionic strength (1000-5000 μmho/cm). Results: Results indicated that there was a direct association between nitrate removal efficiency and time and nZVI dosage. Therefore, increasing of the contact time or nZVI dose would increase nitrate removal. On the other hand, the nitrate removal was decreased when ionic strength and initial concentration were increased. The analysis of variance revealed that the proposed regression model could be appropriately used to design experiments. The model correlation coefficient was 0.9992 and the adjusted value was 0.9982. Conclusions: Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design were powerful statistical tools for navigating nitrate reduction process. The results showed that a high percentage of nitrate were reduced by nZVI and this method might be efficiently used for nitrate removal from water.

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“…Some studies have investigated the ability of zero‐valent metals, such as iron, magnesium and aluminium for the removal of nitrate. Some of those studies have investigated the use of zero‐valent iron (ZVI) for nitrate removal using packed bed columns, continuous‐flow packed column and well‐mixed batch reactors, under different experimental conditions of pH, nitrate concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) or presence of ultraviolet (Sova, ; Liao et al ., ; Westerhoff, ; Westerhoff and James, ; Lee et al, ; Park et al, ). Huang and Zhang, , reported 100% nitrate removal from water through lab‐scale batch experiments using ZVI at pH conditions between 2 and 4.5, after 70 min (Huang and Zhang, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate removal from water using zero‐valent aluminium

Esfahani

Datta

2018

Water & Environment J

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Nitrate pollution in surface and groundwater is known to adversely affect human health, water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Zero‐valent aluminium is a strong reductant for ions such as nitrate. In this study, its use in nitrate reduction efficiency was evaluated as a function of pH, aluminium dosage and aluminium particle size through a lab‐scale investigation. The most effective pH for complete nitrate removal, with an initial concentration of 14.0 ± 1.0 mg N/L, was found to be 13 ± 0.2. Under this condition, complete removal was achieved in 5 min, using aluminium particle size of 1–3 µm and aluminium‐to‐nitrate (NO3–‐N) ratio of 125. The 1–3 µm and 297–841 µm aluminium particles removed nitrate at a reaction rate constant (k) of 0.048 ± 0.017 (mg‐N/L)1.53/min and at 0.042 ± 0.014 (mg‐N/L)1.28/min, respectively. The use of smaller aluminium particles was found to be more effective for nitrate removal than large particles, and it was observed that for these particle sizes, aluminium dosages was less of a factor than any other experimental conditions evaluated.

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Development of a New Zero-Valent Iron Zeolite Material to Reduce Nitrate without Ammonium Release

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis of Highly Reactive Subnano-Sized Zero-Valent Iron Using Smectite Clay Templates

Synthesis of Highly Reactive Subnano-Sized Zero-Valent Iron Using Smectite Clay Templates

Modeling Nitrate Removal by Nano-Scaled Zero-Valent Iron Using Response Surface Methodology

Nitrate removal from water using zero‐valent aluminium

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