Development of a new method for the extraction of bitumen from tar sands using sonication and sodium silicate

Recent advances in applications of power ultrasound for petroleum industry

“…The published results on ultrasonic oil sand extraction are listed in Table 1 . According to current literature, Sadeghi et al did the first systematic study on oil sand extraction using ultrasound in the 1980s and 1990s [49] , [50] . Mason et al proposed two mechanisms of power ultrasound for soil cleaning (abrasion of soil particles and leaching of entrenched particles) [51] and a leaching model [52] .…”