Development of a new management strategy for the control of root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production

Abstract

The nematophagous fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare & Gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for Meloidogyne incognita (Kof & White) Chitwood in vegetable crops. The release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. Only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of specific isolates of fungi in soil. A method to extract DNA from soil was developed to increase the efficacy of PCR-based diagnostic tests that use specific primers. A selected isolate of P chlamydosporia var catenulata was applied at densities similar to those that occur naturally in nematode-suppressive soils. The fungus significantly reduced nematode infestations in soil following a tomato crop, in a strategy that combined the use of the fungus with crop rotation. The survival of the fungus in soil was also examined in controlled conditions in which it remained in soil in densities significantly greater than its original application rate for at least 5 months. Hence, it seems that populations of this fungus may be built up in soil and have significant effects on the regulation of root-knot nematode populations.

The Impact of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Agriculture and Methods of Control

“…Nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia has potential as a biological control agent for M. incognita in vegetable crops. Along with crop rotational methods, P. chlamydosporia was shown to reduce nematode levels in soil previously used for root-knot nematode susceptible tomato [149]. Nematophagous fungal products including chitinases show great potential for the development of biopesticides.…”

Cultural and morphological characterization of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Lecanicillium psalliotae isolated from Meloidogyne mayaguensis eggs in Brazil

“…Selected isolates of this fungus have shown potential as biological agent of nematodes in field trials (Atkins et al, 2003a;Kiewnick & Sikora, 2004). Lecanicillium psalliotae was originally described as the causal agent of a brown-spot disease in cultivated mushrooms, but it has subsequently been isolated from various other fungi and from a population of Globodera rostochiensis (Gams, 1988).…”

Effect of Double-Cropping Systems on Nematode Population in Plastic Film House Soils of Oriental Melon Cultivation

“…따라서 휴 경, 윤작, 저항성 품종 도입, 길항미생물 처리, 담수, 객토, 토 양 열처리 등 약제를 대체할 수 있는 다양한 뿌리혹선충 방제 방법들이 농가에서 활용되고 있다 (Heald, 1987;Heald and Robinson, 1987;Park et al, 1995 (Kim and Han, 1988;Stapleton, 2000;Wang and McSorley, 2008). 그리고 윤작은 전통적으로 단 일작물 연작에 따른 병해 발생을 비롯한 각종 장해를 극복할 수 있는 생태학적인 방법으로 알려져 있으며, 선충방제에 대 한 윤작의 긍정적인 효과가 많이 밝혀져 있다 (Park et al, 1995;Atkins et al, 2003;Govaerts et al, 2007;Rahman et al, 2007;Matute and Anders, 2012 …”