Development of a new diaper dermatitis‐like reconstructed skin equivalent for testing children atopic dermatitis relieving cosmetics

Abstract

Diaper dermatitis is a common cutaneous disorder characterized with red and spotty, and is sometimes itchy in the diaper area of the infant. The condition is one type of acute nonimmunologic skin inflammation. There were mainly three types of diaper dermatitis, including diaper dermatitis caused by candidiasis, irritant contact dermatitis, and chaffing dermatitis. 1 Chaffing is the most widespread form of mild diaper dermatitis commonly affecting most infants at some point in time. It happens in areas where frictional coefficient from the nappy is high, including the inner surface of the buttocks, thighs, and the surface of the genital areas. 1 Irritant contact diaper dermatitis(IDD) is commonly found in the gluteal crease, buttocks, perianal, and the public areas. It can also include the lower abdominal area as well as the upper thigh area. Irritant contact diaper dermatitis can range in severity from a mild case, with mild localized erythema and minimal scaling, to a moderate case, with increased erythema as well as papules noted to the affected area, and finally to a more severe case where the skin in the diaper area is noted to have papules, pustules, and skin breakdown with open areas. 2 Abstract Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common acute inflammatory skin disease. It has a serious effect on children's and families' quality of life. We aimed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of different formulas for relieving the diaper dermatitis symptoms by developing a kind of diaper dermatitis-like reconstructed human skin equivalent in vitro. Materials and Method: We developed the human skin equivalent for diaper dermatitis with 0.2% Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The diaper dermatitis-like human skin equivalent was characterized by high level of inflammation, such as overexpression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and impaired skin barrier. Four formulas with potential of antiinflammation and promotion of skin barrier function were topically applied on the diaper dermatitis-like human skin equivalent surface. The afterward protection efficacy was evaluated by endpoints of IL-1α, tissue viability, and skin barrier function. Results: The chemical irritant induced high release of IL-1α, impaired tissue viability, and skin barrier function. The cream prepared with potential of anti-inflammation and skin protection could effectively decrease and relive the impact of irritant with decreased level of IL-1α and the higher tissue viability than the placebo exposure. Conclusion: The results showed that diaper dermatitis-like human skin equivalent induced by SLS can mimic the skin irritation response of the diaper rash. K E Y W O R D S anti-inflammation, Diaper dermatitis, reconstructed human skin equivalent in vitro, skin barrier How to cite this article: Zhuang L, Gu H, Huang Y, Li X, Lu Y, Kaku K. Development of a new diaper dermatitis-like reconstructed skin equivalent for testing children atopic dermatitis relieving cosmetics. Skin Res Technol.

Emerging Links between Microbiome Composition and Skin Immunology in Diaper Dermatitis: A Narrative Review

“…In the DD area authors also observed a significant increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in comparison to healthy skin sites [ 11 ]. Examination of an in-vitro skin model confirmed different formulae for alleviation of DD, noticing that chemical irritation causes a high release of IL-1α, impairs tissue viability as well as skin barrier integrity [ 10 ].…”

“…These results suggest that polymorphisms of individual nucleotides, associated with skin inflammation and homeostasis, can affect responses to irritants and at least partially explain individual differences in the development of contact dermatitis. IL-1α, IL-8 and TNF-α seem to be the most important cytokines in DD [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 42 ]. Inflammatory processes depend not only on the trigger but also on genetic predispositions [ 34 , 35 ].…”

“…Few studies so far have addressed the specific mechanism of skin inflammation in diaper dermatitis [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. While research on the skin microbiome in the diaper microenvironment has already been reviewed [ 12 ], evidence is lacking on the interplay between inflammatory processes and the corresponding microbiome in the diaper area.…”

Protective Effects of Grapefruit Essential Oil againstStaphylococcus Aureus‐Induced Inflammation and Cell Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

“…The ‘SLS‐EpiKutis’ skin barrier injury model (EpiKutis®) was constructed by using a 3D skin model stimulated by Sodium lauryl sulfate and simulating the human patch experiment described previously [51,52] . Briefly, the 3D epidermal skin model was transferred to the 6‐well plate with 0.9 mL of TA medium (3D special medium for skin model).…”

“…The 'SLS-EpiKutis' skin barrier injury model (EpiKu-tis®) was constructed by using a 3D skin model stimulated by Sodium lauryl sulfate and simulating the human patch experiment described previously. [51,52] Briefly, the 3D epidermal skin model was transferred to the 6-well plate with 0.9 mL of TA medium (3D special medium for skin model). The prepared 25 μL of working fluid of different groups was added to the model surface and incubate overnight in an incubator (37 °C, 5 % CO 2 , 95 % RH) for 24 h.…”