Development of a Multichannel Integrated Interferometer Immunosensor

Optical uniform/gradient waveguide sensor structure - characterization

“…In Ref. 9, for the Young interferometer, assuming that Dj min /2p = 1´10 -4 , it was estimated that (Dn c ) min = 2´10 -8 . We can see from the above that the presented in the work composite sensor struc− ture, using the difference interference of the modes TM 0 −TM 1 can be applied in chemical measurements for the detection of slight changes of the refractive index of water solutions as well as for the construction of biochemical sen− sor.…”

“…In practice, due to the influence of temperature on the refractive indexes of the sensor structure, such low detection limits as in the presented structure are impossible to make use of. The thermo−optical coefficient of water is ( ¶n c / ¶T) H2O = -0.9´10 -4 K -1 [9]. It means that with respect to the tests on water solutions, the acquisition of detection limit involving the changes of a refractive index at the level lower than Dn c »10 -4 necessitates the application of tempe− rature stabilization of the system.…”

“…The said effects bring about the change of effective refrac− tive indexes of modes propagating in the structure. The changes of effective refractive indexes can be measured by the application of the interferometers of Mach−Zehnder [5][6][7], Young [8,9], Michelson [10] and with a polarimeter [2,11,12] or grating couplers [3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Due to technologi− cal constraints (the interaction length is limited to single centimetres), the operating range in PEWS is most fre− quently limited to a single interference fringe.…”

Controlled initiation and quantitative visualization of cell interaction dynamics

“…Using Eq. B4-5a and B4-5b, this can be converted to number of molecules per surface area (Ymeti, 2004).…”

“…We used S 13 N 4 waveguides on a home built Young interferometer (Ymeti, 2004). Antibody incubation with 10 g/ml anti-CD6 (BD Pharmingen) was at room temperature under low flow (32 l/min) for ~30 min.…”