Development of a Model for the Estimation of Pedestrian Level of Service in Greek Urban Areas

Christopoulou, Paraskevi; Pitsiava-Latinopoulou, Magdalini

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1144

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recently, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] also observed uni-directional as well as bi-directional movement of pedestrians on sidewalks and tried to measure space, free flow speed and jam density along with the other fundamental parameters such as speed, flow and density. Linear along with logarithmic and exponential speed-density relationships were observed; while single regime approach was highly preferred in developing a speed-density relationship.…”

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, [34,[148][149][150] used various parameters such as flow, sidewalk variables, side friction and width for explaining LOS for the facility. SFStreet SIModel 1.0 was used by [148] in order to analyse how sidewalk design affected the LOS, and it was recommended that design and traffic calming measures needed to be incorporated to make the streets more walkable.…”

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SFStreet SIModel 1.0 was used by [148] in order to analyse how sidewalk design affected the LOS, and it was recommended that design and traffic calming measures needed to be incorporated to make the streets more walkable. In Greece, [34] used traffic, geometry and pedestrian movement as parameters to evaluate LOS. Different approaches such as trip quality, Landis method, conjoint analysis method, HCM method, Gainesville method and behavioural theory-based approaches were used by researchers for developing LOS using the various parameters.…”

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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Present paper reviewed the past studies on pedestrian flow characteristics (such as speed, flow, density, space, free-flow speed and jam density) and development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for various pedestrian facilities (i.e., sidewalk, walkway, crosswalk, grade separated, stairways and escalators. Fundamental relationships (between speed and density) were observed over different facilities and were found to be significantly different. The fundamental relationships for sidewalk facility predicted the range of free flow speeds to be 65 − 85 m/min and jam densities to be 3.5 − 5.3 ped/m 2 . The minimum and maximum pedestrian speeds over sidewalk facility in different countries observed were 52 m/min and 98 m/min respectively, with a mean speed of 79 m/min. The male pedestrians walked at 4 − 9 m/min higher speed in comparison to their female counterparts; while the older pedestrians walked at 15 − 20 m/min lower speed than the younger ones over the various types of crosswalk facilities. Similarly, speed-density relationships for ascending and descending stairways showed that the difference between the two directions varied between 4 − 12 m/min, and that the speed was significantly higher in case of descending direction. Moreover, the jam densities for stairways were also observed to be lower in case of descending direction, as the pedestrians generally maintain higher gap (than in ascending direction) with other pedestrians in front to avoid pushing and the risk of falling down. The flow characteristics were significantly influenced by the type of facility, width, age, gender and location of the study. Primarily factors such as physique (height), culture (dress), attractions (presence of hawkers located along sidewalks), friction (due to parked vehicles), purpose of walking trip and environmental conditions were the main reasons for pedestrians of countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Sri-Lanka to walk significantly slower than the counterparts pedestrians in the USA, UK or Canada. The review conducted on the PLOS mainly looked into the type of survey conducted (qualitative vs. quantitative), LOS parameters and the various software/models used in development of LOS. Researchers from the USA and Japan preferably used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in defining LOS over sidewalks; while in India, China and Malaysia qualitative method was highly preferred. Pedestrian volume, safety, surface, obstruction and width were observed as essential parameters for qualitative survey while density, flow rate, pedestrian speed and width were used in quantitative survey for sidewalks. In developing the PLOS over sidewalk facility; Conjoint analysis, Landis method, HCM method, affinity propagation cluster algorithm and Gainesville method were preferred by various researchers. Studies conducted over crosswalk facility measured space, flow rate, vehicle volume and delay as the most significant factors in developing LOS based on quantitative technique; while vehicle speed, ...

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Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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“…LOS is used as a standard for the planners to design to, and a suitable LOS and user perception is key to the successful implementation of the design. Pedestrian LOS have been discussed since around 1983 by A. Polus [3], but is still a hot topic of discussion [4,5,6,7,8]. Discussion about the LOS for pedestrian path starts with the flow, speed characteristics, and sidewalk capacity, and continues with pedestrian facilities, and then pedestrian perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison and evaluation among methodologies at international level for the estimation of pedestrian levels of service conclude that current methodologies are unable to analyze the entire spectrum of the MATEC Web of Conferences 147, 02003 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814702003 SIBE 2017 walking experience, and also conclude that no method is universally applicable [7,8], so there is a need to define a specific model as a standard pedestrian LOS for each country. Based on the identification of the weakness of existing methodologies, Christopoulou and Latinopoulou [7] developed a model whose factors reflect the pedestrian LOS along Greek urban streets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the indonesian regulation of standard level of service of a pedestrian path fulfill pedestrians’ convenience

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Indonesia published Regulation No: 03/PRT/M/2014 about the Pedestrian Level o f Service (LOS), consist of pedestrian movement characteristics and sidewalk capacity, as like the Bangkok standard, there is no parameter that represents pedestrian interest. Australian standards develop a Level of Service with the main based on categories that relate with pedestrian convenience. Within this study, identifying Indonesian pedestrian interests done by measuring pedestrian perception of convenience. This study aims to check the suitability between this standard pedestrian LOS and pedestrian perception of convenience in a commercial area, Pasar Gede market. The study results, based on Indonesia regulation LOS, the pedestrian path around Pasar Gede market is categorized as level A at all sections, and this is the same as the Bangkok standards. A ccording to the Australian's standard, the LOS is an A for the West section, B for the North section, and C for the South section. The pedestrians have perceptions of moderately discomfort for all sections. This means that although the pedestrian path fulfills the level of service for Indonesian Government regulation, it does not fulfill user satisfaction. Therefore, the Indonesian LOS standard for pedestrian paths doesn't provide equity for the pedestrian.

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Walking school bus line routing for efficiency, health and walkability: A multi‐objective optimisation approach

Wang

Kang

et al. 2023

Multi Criteria Decision Anal

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Walking School Bus (WSB) has been recognised as an innovative solution to promote walking to school, bringing a wide spectrum of benefits, including: health benefits from the physical exercise, social skills and traffic reduction. To facilitate the success of WSB, one vital element is its route planning, which directly affects the catchment for the service and the realisation of all the potential benefits. Previously, time has been the only factor that has been considered in WSB routing problems. Other important factors including air quality, safety and comfort will also be considered in this paper. Air quality along a WSB route is important to help realise the health benefits of walking. Traffic safety has been the biggest barrier to walking to school and must be addressed in planning a WSB route. Ensuring children have an enjoyable and comfortable experience is vital for the sustainability and success of WSB. A walking network is introduced to enable modelling pedestrian movements in detail, including walking movements on different sides of the road and crossing movements. This approach enables detailed route-based analysis to assess the localised effect of air quality on pollutant dose. We define walkability as a measure of children's needs in safety and comfort, which can also be assessed in detail on each route. We propose a multi-objective optimisation model to generate efficient WSB routes with three objectives representing the potential benefits of WSB: (1) to minimise time; (2) to minimise pollutant dose; and (3) to maximise walkability. We apply our model to a selected school in Bradford in the UK, generating three WSB lines following efficient routes. These lines go through a predetermined sequence of 'WSB Stops', with the final stop as the school. All children within the catchment area will be able to join a WSB within 1-2 min walk from their home to the nearest stop. Our multi-objective WSB route planning model is highly transferable to any selected school in any WSB targeted area. Planners will be able to select a combination of WSB lines to offer, based on the requirement of coverage area and resource availability.

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Development of a Model for the Estimation of Pedestrian Level of Service in Greek Urban Areas

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Is the indonesian regulation of standard level of service of a pedestrian path fulfill pedestrians’ convenience

Walking school bus line routing for efficiency, health and walkability: A multi‐objective optimisation approach

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