Development of a microwave stunning system for cattle 2: Preliminary observations on behavioural responses and EEG

Small, Alison; Lea, Jim M.; Niemeyer, Dominic; Hughes, James G.; McLean, David W; McLean, John A.; Ralph, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.010

Cited by 14 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Em felinos, o sistema de montagem foi proposto utilizando-se 15 eletrodos de agulha, sendo 9 deles ativos para a captação de sinais e os demais utilizados como referência e aterramento (Lewis et al, 2011). Em bovinos, devido à pequena superfície craniana disponível para colocação dos eletrodos, utilizam-se 4 eletrodos (frontais esquerdo e direito e caudais esquerdo e direito) de superfície e um de referência/aterramento colocado sobre o osso nasal (Small et al, 2019).…”

Section: Equipamentos E Protocolos De Execuçãounclassified

Uso E Perspectivas Da Eletroencefalografia Em Animais Domésticos

Basile

Guglielmi

2021

Ars Vet

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A eletroencefalografia (EEG) é um método utilizado para a análise da atividade elétrica cerebral de humanos e animais. Possui baixo custo e métodos já estudados para as principais espécies de animais domésticos, tais como cães, gatos, equinos e bovinos. É um método minimamente invasivo que, ao ser associado com exames de avaliação estrutural, tais como a ressonância magnética e tomografia, permite elaborar um cenário mais completo sobre o estado geral do tecido neural cerebral. Sua aquisição de dados ao longo do tempo permite avaliar pacientes com epilepsia idiopática, epilepsias estruturais, metabólicas, hidrocefalia congênita e realizar monitoramento anestésico. O conhecimento de pós-processamento de sinais utilizando-se de FFT abre um universo de possibilidades para o uso da EEG, incluindo a polissonografia, avaliação de distúrbios comportamentais, neuropsíquicos, dor, cognição e aprendizagem.

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Section: Equipamentos E Protocolos De Execuçãounclassified

Uso E Perspectivas Da Eletroencefalografia Em Animais Domésticos

Basile

Guglielmi

2021

Ars Vet

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted November 23, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10. 1101/2021 Most studies in this area have been conducted in laboratory conditions (Suzuki et al, 1990) and used subdermal electrodes (Jones et al, 1988;Suzuki et al, 1990) in animals that were subjected to some type of containment (Jones et al, 1988;Small et al, 2019). The method presented herein allows brain signal to be recorded with surface electrodes in freely moving animals.…”

Section: Signal Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure of living organisms to conditions below the tolerable welfare level leads to the occurrence of physiological responses against stress conditions, resulting in increase in health problems and decrease in yield (Cam MA et al, 2018). In this scenario, understanding brain processes in bovines will allow some situations like heat stress (Silanikove, 2000;Sinha, 2007) and pain (McLean et al, 2017;Vuckovic et al, 2018), among others (Small et al, 2019), to be controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of technology has also been employed to investigate some diseases in domestic pets (Bassett et al, 2014;Bergamasco et al, 2003;Brauer et al, 2012). Concerning farmed animals, studies involve pre-slaughter sensitization (Gibson et al, 2019;Small et al, 2019), sleep stages (Hänninen et al, 2008;Ternman et al, 2012) and pain (BERGAMASCO et al, 2011) most of them with animal kept in cages. This situation is changing and a recent study on sheep (Perentos et al, 2017), showed a method that did not use restraint and which employed implanted electrodes to analyze animal brain signals instead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquiring brain signals in animals that can move freely presents various challenges, and the number of research studies dealing with bovine brain electrical activity is limited. Most of these studies have been conducted in laboratory conditions (Suzuki et al, 1990) and used subdermal electrodes (Jones et al, 1988;Suzuki et al, 1990) in animals that were subjected to some type of containment (Jones et al, 1988;Small et al, 2019). These conditions are unreal when we consider farmed animals, mainly large ones (Perentos et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving behavior monitoring of free moving dairy cows using non invasive wireless EEG approach and digital signal processing techniques

Silva¹,

Arce²,

Minano³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundElectroencephalography (EEG) is the most common method to access brain information. Techniques to monitor and to extract brain signal characteristics in farm animals are not as developed as in humans and laboratory animals.New methodThe method comprised two steps. In the first step, the signals were acquired after the telemetric equipment was developed, the electrodes were positioned and fixed, the sample frequency was defined, the equipment was positioned, and artifacts and other acquisition problems were dealt with. Brain signals from six Holstein heifers that could move freely in free stalls were acquired. The control group consisted in the same number of bovines, contained in a climatic chamber (restrained group). In the second step, the signals were characterized by Power Spectral Density, Short-Time Fourier Transform, and Lempel-Ziv complexity.ResultsThe results indicated that there was an ideal position to attach the electrodes to the front of the bovine’s head, so that longer artifact-free signal sections were acquired. The signals showed typical EEG frequency bands, like the bands found in humans. The Lempel-Ziv complexity values indicated that the bovine brain signals contained random and chaotic components. As expected, the signals acquired from the retained bovine group displayed sections with a larger number of artifacts.Comparison with existing methodsWe present the first method that helps to monitor and to extract brain signal features in unrestrained bovines.ConclusionsThe method could be applied to investigate changes in brain electrical activity during animal farming, to monitor brain activity related with animal behavior.HighlightsA method that allows brain signals to be monitored in freely moving dairy cows is describedThe method uses noninvasive electrodes to minimize stress during EEG monitoring and allows bovines to behave normally during the processThe method establishes the frequency sampling rate, electrodes positioning and fixation, equipment holding, artifact extraction, and signal characterizationThe brain signals are characterized by PSD, STFT, and Lempel-Ziv normalized complexityThe method can be applied to relate EEG to animal behavior under normal handling conditions

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