Development of a Microwave Sensor for Solid and Liquid Substances Based on Closed Loop Resonator

Aiswarya, S; Menon, Sreedevi K.; Donelli, Massimo; Meenu, L

doi:10.3390/s21248506

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The sensing operation is due to the change in dielectric permittivity at the capacitive area where the material is loaded on to the sensor based on Eqn. 2 [33].…”

Section: Simulation Analysis: Mcla As a Microwave Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Microstrip Sensor Based on Closed Loop Antenna for Adulteration Detection of Liquid Samples

Aiswarya,

Meenu,

Menon

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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The design, development and analysis of a planar microstrip sensor operating at 2.4 GHz for the detection of adulteration in liquid samples is presented. The sensor characterises the samples based on the material properties which in turn affects the electric field fringing from the sensing area. In particular, a closed loop microstrip antenna is developed and used for the sensing application. The sensor is designed and analysed using simulation software and the fabricated prototype is experimentally validated. Parametric analysis of the design variables and mathematical modelling of the sensor operations are carried out by analysing the fields generated within the sensor. A case study for adulteration testing is carried out by choosing milk as the sample. Qualitative and quantitative testing using the milk as sample has been carried out experimentally under different test conditions. For quantitative testing, water is added to milk as the adulterant and for qualitative testing, usual chemical adulterants that are mixed with milk are added and the variations in operating frequency and return loss are analysed. From the analysis it could be observed that the shift in the operating frequency and return loss are dependent on the changes in dielectric permittivity of the sample loaded on to the sensor surface. From this analysis, the adulteration rate in milk can be estimated based on the variation in permittivity of the adulterant that is added to the milk. The same procedure can be extended in detecting the adulteration of any liquid samples.

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“…The sensing operation is due to the change in dielectric permittivity at the capacitive area where the material is loaded on to the sensor based on Eqn. 2 [33].…”

Section: Simulation Analysis: Mcla As a Microwave Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Microstrip Sensor Based on Closed Loop Antenna for Adulteration Detection of Liquid Samples

Aiswarya,

Meenu,

Menon

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…An SRR is a common structure for obtaining negative effective permeability [19]. It shows a large magnetic dipole moment when excited by a magnetic field directed along its axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization

et al. 2023

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This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials.

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A cavity model microwave patch antenna for lubricating oil sensor applications

Kumar

Bavithra

Madhan

2022

Materials Today: Proceedings

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Development of a Microwave Sensor for Solid and Liquid Substances Based on Closed Loop Resonator

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

A Novel Microstrip Sensor Based on Closed Loop Antenna for Adulteration Detection of Liquid Samples

A Novel Microstrip Sensor Based on Closed Loop Antenna for Adulteration Detection of Liquid Samples

Microstrip Sensor Based on Ring Resonator Coupled with Double Square Split Ring Resonator for Solid Material Permittivity Characterization

A cavity model microwave patch antenna for lubricating oil sensor applications

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