Development of a Methodology for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiclass Contaminants in Milk

Determination of Multiclass Pharmaceutical Residues in Milk Using Modified QuEChERS and Liquid-Chromatography-Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Clean-Up Approaches and Validation Studies

“…In addition, pharmaceuticals for human use can also be detected in food matrices as a result of their spread in environmental matrices mainly due to the disposal of biosolids in soils, the irrigation of recycled water, or from surface waters receiving wastewater treatment plant effluents. The detection of pharmaceutical drug residues in milk has been reported in previous studies [4][5][6][7][8]. Therefore, the study of pharmaceutical drug residues in food commodities, as well as the monitoring of compliance with MRLs, requires sensitive and rapid analytical methods capable of determining trace levels of a large number of pharmaceuticals in milk in a single analytical procedure.…”

“…Analytical methods for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs in milk have undergone considerable development in recent years. Milk sample preparation techniques based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [9] have been replaced by other approaches, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) [10,11], solid-liquid extraction (SLE) [5], matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction [12,13], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [14], and more recently by QuEChERS extraction [7,8,[15][16][17][18][19].…”