Development of a measuring system for on-line in situ monitoring of composite materials manufacturing

Polanský, Radek; Pihera, Josef; Komárek, Josef; Pavlica, R.; Prosr, Pavel; Freisleben, Jaroslav; Vik, Robert; Hromadka, Karel; Blecha, Tomas; Cengery, Jiri; Cermak, Michal; Zemanová, Monika; Kadlec, Petr; Hamáček, Aleš

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.09.006

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the BDS measurement is sometimes non-isothermal, and the preferred frequency range is not broad as enough as expected. [94] Ultrasonic dynamic analysis (UDMA) as a highfrequency extension of the DMA approach has received significant attention. [95,96] The velocity and attenuation of the ultrasonic waves are measured in real-time to provide the viscoelastic information of the polymer networks to achieve cure monitoring.…”

Section: In-situ Curing Monitoring and Cure Kinetics Measurement For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets

Gao

Qiu

Wang

2022

J Adv Manuf & Process

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Direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) provides a high‐efficiency way for thermoset printing while rapid in‐situ curing has a significant role in manufacturing rate, quality, performance, and flexibility. In this review, in‐situ curing methods that can be integrated into DIW were discussed, including frontal polymerization, electromagnetic heating, photochemistry, electron beam, and resistance heating curing. The in‐situ process monitoring and curing kinetic analysis technologies such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA), fluorescence spectroscopy, were briefly presented. The working mechanism and features of these characterization measurements are studied. Furthermore, machine learning and other artificial intelligence tools used for the optimization of printing materials, topology design, printing path, and defect detection sensitivity are reviewed. Finally, some future research directions for the DIW and in‐situ curing of thermosets are addressed.

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Section: In-situ Curing Monitoring and Cure Kinetics Measurement For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets

Gao

Qiu

Wang

2022

J Adv Manuf & Process

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“…Dielectric analysis (DEA) is one type of analysis that has been mostly explored as a highly sensitive technique for monitoring composites' industrial curing cycles. [6][7][8][9][10][11] As presented by other authors, 12 the DEA of cure involves the monitoring of electrical polarization and conduction properties of polymeric systems subjected to a time-varying electric field. So, as the curing reaction progresses, these properties are strongly affected by the crosslinked network formation that causes the reduction of ion mobility throughout the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric analysis as a low-complexity methodology for tracking prepreg out-time and its effects on the curing cycle

Raponi

Souza

Baldo

et al. 2019

Journal of Composite Materials

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The final properties of advanced composite parts manufactured from prepregs are strongly dependent on the combination of raw materials' properties and manufacturing parameters. Therefore, monitoring techniques that can characterize the prepreg cure advancement and the effects of this advancement on the curing process are of great interest to composite industries. In the present work, dielectric analyses were performed using a previously developed simple and low-cost device, as a successful alternative to track prepreg out-time and the specificities of aged prepregs curing process. The findings point out that, despite the temperature and humidity influence in the measurements, models for estimating prepreg out-times can be developed based on dielectric analyses results. Also, the dielectric properties can signalize the necessity of cure parameters adjustments, which might lead to the extension of prepreg out-time limits without significant detriment to the performance of the final part.

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“…There are several methods that allow us to calculate and optimize cure kinetics in idealized laboratory conditions (Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC, Dynamical Mechanical Analysis DMA, rheology), but only a few methods are suitable for online cure monitoring: infrared, ultrasonic wave propagation, and Raman and dielectric spectroscopy [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Cure Monitoring and Modelling of Cyanate Ester-Based Composites for High Temperature Applications

et al. 2021

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A cure kinetics investigation of a high temperature-resistant phenol novolac cyanate ester toughened with polyether sulfone (CE-PES blend) was undertaken using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Thin ply carbon fiber prepreg, based on the CE-PES formulation, was fabricated, and plates for further in-situ cure monitoring were manufactured using automated fiber placement. Online monitoring of the curing behavior utilizing Optimold sensors and Online Resin State software from Synthesites was carried out. The estimation of the glass transition temperature and degree of cure allowed us to compare real time data with the calculated parameters of the CE-PES formulation. Alongside a good agreement between the observed online data and predicted model, the excellent performance of the developed sensors at temperatures above 260 °C was also demonstrated.

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Development of a measuring system for on-line in situ monitoring of composite materials manufacturing

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets

In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets

Dielectric analysis as a low-complexity methodology for tracking prepreg out-time and its effects on the curing cycle

Online Cure Monitoring and Modelling of Cyanate Ester-Based Composites for High Temperature Applications

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