Development of a Mathematical Formula for the Calculation of Fingerprint Probabilities Based on Individual Characteristics

Distribution of epidermal ridge minutiae

“…The mean minutia density of 0.223 minutiae per square mm obtained in the present study is comparable to other reported values that range from 0.181 to 0.295 minutiae per square mm (Galton, 1892; Amy, 1946;Kingston, 1964;Osterburg et al, 1977;Dankmeijer et al, 1980). These mean values are not sufficiently close to be regarded as repetitive samples from the same population.…”

“…The use of ridge distances eliminates the argument that the ridge structure is responsible, and throughout this study closely spaced minutiae were strictly defined as two events. Osterburg et al (1977) and Sclove (1979Sclove ( , 1980 also studied minutia distribution without reference to the ridge structure, but their model was not based on interminutia distances and cannot be reasonably compared to the present study.…”

Are there population differences in minutiae frequencies? A comparative study of two Argentinian population samples and one Spanish sample

“…These include aspects such as frequency of the main pattern types (arch-A, radial loop-RL, ulnar loop-UL and whorl-W) and the partial (RC) or total (RCT) ridge count, as well as their variability and heredity in different human populations (see bibliography checklist in [45,46]). However, other features, such as the minutiae, have received comparatively less attention, despite being of considerable interest due to their direct relevance in personal identification and despite early recommendations from various specialists [13,[47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

“…Thus, it is difficult to compare the results obtained in the present study with those which have been published previously due to the different criteria employed, not only as regards classification of the minutiae, but also in terms of the methods employed for their assessment [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. All other studies, with the exception of those conducted by Gutié rrez-Redomero et al [ , have been based on fingerprint samples from males, and vary considerably as regards sample size (from 39 to 1000 fingerprint impressions), number of fingers selected for analysis (only the thumb, only the index and middle fingers, or other combinations), the finger areas assessed (distal tips, nuclear area, delta area, etc.)…”

Computational Methods for Determining Individuality

“…All previous models can be classified into five different categories, namely, gridbased models, ridge-based models, fixed probability models, relative measurement models and generative models. Grid-based models include Galton [2] and Osterburgh [3] which were proposed in the late 80s and the early 90s respectively. One instance of ridge-based models is introduced by Roxburgh [4].…”