Development of a low input system for growing wheat <i>(Triticum vulgare)</i> in a permanent understorey of white clover <i>(Trifolium repens)</i>

Jones, L. G.; Clements, R. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04078.x

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, compared with studies with strip-band cultivation for wheat seeding (Jones & Clements, 1993;Thorsted et al, 2006b), the present yield results were at the lower range of the reported values. In one trial, the yields of the best varieties were even comparable to organic farming systems with ploughing (4100 kg ha -1 , Maeder et al, 2002).…”

Section: Grain Yieldcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Performance of Winter Wheat Varieties in White Clover Living Mulch

Hiltbrunner

Liedgens

2008

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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The choice of variety for agricultural systems with multiple crops may differ from the one used in sole crop because of the changes in environmental conditions brought about by interspecific plant competition. Information about varietal performance under living mulch conditions as well as the suitability of the results of the official variety testing, conducted under conventional cropping conditions, for such systems is lacking for small grain cereals such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the current study, nine different winter wheat varieties were established in an existing living mulch of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in three trials in the Swiss Midlands in the years 2003 and 2004. The winter wheat was directly sown in widely spaced rows (0.375 m) at a density of 450 viable grains m -2 . Grain yield varied between 1.83 and 4.11 Mg ha -1 . Plant height was correlated (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) with the grain yield, suggesting that varieties with long shoots may have an advantage because of the more intense shading of the white clover plants. However, the best yielding varieties were also those with the most intense tillering. Recorded values of grain quality traits (grain weight, test weight and protein content) for the tested varieties were analogous under the living mulch conditions of the current trials to those obtained in the official variety testing. This analogy was not observed for the grain yield, except for one trial, where the competitive strength of the white clover was reduced by mechanical interference prior to the seeding of the wheat, which positively affected tillering and hence grain yield. Thus, the use of better yielding varieties of winter wheat in living mulches is at the cost of decreased grain quality. The combination of yield and quality goals in living mulch systems will rather depend on the minimization of the competition of the cover crop on the wheat plants than on the variety choice following recommendations based on trials conducted under conventional cropping conditions.

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Section: Grain Yieldcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Performance of Winter Wheat Varieties in White Clover Living Mulch

Hiltbrunner

Liedgens

2008

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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“…1). This contrasts with observations of Jones and Clements (1993) and Williams and Hayes (1991) of competition between spring cereals and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) resulting in poor cereal yields. The lack of competition in our study was probably due to the fact that wheat was not established in a perennial stand of clover, but rather seeded simultaneously with it.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…This alternative cropping practice is receiving increasing interest in some temperate (Williams and Hayes 1991;Jones 1992;Jones and Clements 1993;Stute and Posner 1995) and arid regions (Guldan et al 1997). However, to our knowledge, information about the agronomic and environmental aspects of those systems for cold and humid climates as is found in eastern Canada are lacking, despite possible advantages over cereals cultivated in monoculture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

Garand¹,

Simard²,

MacKenzie³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 93-102. Although there is a potential to substantially reduce N fertiliser inputs by cropping spring cereals with an interseeded legume, the agronomic value and the nitrate catch-crop effect associated with this practice are not documented under the conditions of eastern Canada. This 3-yr study estimated N credits and non-N nutritional effects for interseeded clover (Trifolium pratense L. 'Arlington') in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Algot') and assessed fall and spring nitrate (NO 3 -) in soil. The soil is a St. Urbain clay (Orthic Gleysol) located in the St. Lawrence lowlands. Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1 with or without red clover as a companion crop. Clover was incorporated as a green manure crop in mid-November. Clover significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced wheat yield response to N fertilisation for 2 of the 3 yr. Clover did not reduce wheat grain yield through competition between the two plant species. Higher wheat yields with clover were attributed to N supplied by clover through mineralisation of residues incorporated in the soil the previous fall. Nitrogen fertiliser replacement value of clover was approximately 80 kg N ha -1 for 1994 and 1995. Clover occasionally increased NO 3 --N measured in the soil profile in late fall and in spring. Interseeded red clover may provide most of the N needs of a companion spring wheat crop in fine-textured gleysolic soils, but is an inefficient N catch-crop.

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“…Winter wheat yield reductions by red clover are unlikely given that red clover is frost seeded into an established and rapidly growing wheat stand and red clover biomass accumulation during this period is minimal [54,55,69]. Documented negative impacts of clover on wheat growth occurred when wheat was seeded over a permanent perennial understory of white clover [194] where yield reductions are likely due to the competition faced by wheat seedlings in a perennial clover population.…”

Section: Misconception About Effects Of Inter-seeded Red Clover On Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

et al. 2013

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Abstract:In light of the environmental challenges ahead, resilience of the most abundant field crop production systems must be improved to guarantee yield stability with more efficient use of nitrogen inputs, soil and water resources. Along with genetic and agronomic innovations, diversification of northern agro-ecosystems using inter-seeded legumes provides further opportunities to improve land management practices that sustain crop yields and their resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Benefits of legume cover crops have been known for decades and red clover (Trifolium pratense) is one of the most common and beneficial when frost-seeded under winter wheat in advance of maize in a rotation. However, its use has been declining mostly due to the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, concerns over competition with the main crop and the inability to fully capture red clover benefits due to difficulties in the persistence of uniform stands. In this manuscript, we first review the environmental, agronomic, rotational and economical benefits associated with inter-seeded red clover. Red clover adaptation to a wide array of common wheat-based rotations, its potential to mitigate the effects of land degradation in a changing climate and its integration into sustainable food production systems are discussed. We then identify areas of research with significant potential to impact cropping system profitability and sustainability.

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Development of a low input system for growing wheat (Triticum vulgare) in a permanent understorey of white clover (Trifolium repens)

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Performance of Winter Wheat Varieties in White Clover Living Mulch

Performance of Winter Wheat Varieties in White Clover Living Mulch

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

Improving Resilience of Northern Field Crop Systems Using Inter-Seeded Red Clover: A Review

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