Development of a Low-Friction Radial Shaft Seal: Using CFD Simulations to Optimise the Microstructured Sealing Lip

Keller, Dennis; Jacobs, Georg; Neumann, Stephan

doi:10.3390/lubricants8040041

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are basically two types of surface layer texture modification found in the literature, i.e., shaft surface modification and sealing lip surface modification. Keller et al [10] described the modification of the lip surface. The proposed friction reduction methodology includes microstructuring and surface treatment of the seal sliding surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimisation of Friction Resistance of Elastomeric Lip Seals on Rotating Shafts

Romanik,

Jaszak,

Grzejda

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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This article presents the results of a study of oil lip seals with a modified outer lip layer texture. In the first step, the interaction of flat rubber samples with different surface layer textures with the steel surface was recognised. Measurements of the friction coefficient of flat samples with different surface layer textures were carried out. The next step was an experimental study of rotating shaft lip seals in standard and prototype versions. The contact width of the sealing lip before and after durability tests was examined, and the clamping force of the lip on the shaft before and after durability tests was measured. The final step was to create a FEM model of the interaction of the sealing ring lip with the shaft to determine the lip seal pressure and width. These calculations, in cooperation with the previously determined friction coefficient and porosity of the lip seal, allowed the calculation of the friction torque. The solution proposed in this article was intended to be simple and viable for industrial applications. Satisfactory results were achieved with prototype rings in terms of reduced resistance to movement, tightness, and durability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors, who attempted to investigate the effect of the texture of the sealing lip surface layer and optimised the proposed solution, did not plan experimental studies [10][11][12]. Therefore, it is not known what effect would have been achieved after experimental verification in terms of durability and tightness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimisation of Friction Resistance of Elastomeric Lip Seals on Rotating Shafts

Romanik,

Jaszak,

Grzejda

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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“…At present, end face gas seal is widely used in the shaft end seal of turbomachinery by virtue of its low leakage, long life, and wear-free characteristics [2]. However, with the development of turbine mechanical power transmission systems to high speed, sealing technology has been pushed to the limit of performance [3]. Under extreme operating conditions such as high rotating speed and high medium pressure, the rigid surface of end face gas seal is prone to rubbing and crushing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Sealing Characteristics of Compliant Foil Face Gas Seal under Typical Hypervelocity Gas Effects

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Lubricants

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In order to investigate the influence of typical hypervelocity gas effects on the gas lubrication performance of compliant foil face gas seal (CFFGS) end surfaces, the gas–elastic coupling lubrication theory model of CFFGS is modified by considering the choked flow and inertia effect, and the lubrication performance is solved using the finite difference method. Based on the choking effect, the effect of hypervelocity choked flow on the pressure field and velocity field of the seal is analyzed, and the influence of operating parameters on the choked flow and the mechanism of choked flow on the change in dynamic lubrication and sealing performance are explored. Furthermore, based on the inertia effect, the effect of gas inertia force on the flow field, and the correlation law between the pressure field and velocity field under the influence of operating parameters are studied. Then, the relationship between the inertia effect and sealing performance are analyzed. The results show that choked flow increases sealing outlet pressure significantly, from 0.1 MPa to a maximum of 14.25 MPa, and the sealing outlet flow velocity decreases by up to 50 times. The increase in medium pressure and balance film thickness aggravate the choking effect, resulting in a 20% maximum increase in opening force and a 99.6% maximum decrease in leakage rate. In addition, the inertia effect causes obvious centrifugal movement of the gas flow. As result, the radial flow velocity reduces by up to 50%, and the pressure distribution varies widely. Especially under high rotational speed and high medium pressure, the inertia effect is enhanced to clearly reduce the opening force (max. decrement of 3.5%) and leakage rate (max. decrement of 23%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yang et al [14] used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow field around a ribbed helix lip seal. Keller et al [15] optimized the microstructures on rotary shaft seals by applying CFD. This paper deals with the numerical implementation of and solution to the transient laminar multiphase flow in the lubricant film in the sealing gap of rotary shaft seals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics of Rotary Shaft Seals

2022

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The primary task of rotary shaft seals is to prevent an unwanted fluid transfer between two areas. In shaft passages of gearboxes, for example, rotary shaft seals avoid the leakage of transmission oil to ambient air. This means the flow in the lubricant film in the sealing gap between the sealing edge and the shaft surface consists of at least two phases. Taking the phenomenon of cavitation into account, the flow consists of three phases. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the multiphase flow in the lubricant film of rotary shaft seals. As experimental studies of the flow processes on a microscale have proven to be quite difficult, a simulation-based approach is applied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) serves to compute the transient multiphase flows in the lubricant film in the sealing gap. The computational domain is a three-dimensional microscale model of the lubricant film. The results show the transient hydrodynamic pressure buildup and the dynamic phase interactions during operation. This study provides far-reaching insights into the multiphase flow processes in the lubricant film in the sealing gap and simulation-based evidence of the lubrication and sealing mechanism of rotary shaft seals.

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Development of a Low-Friction Radial Shaft Seal: Using CFD Simulations to Optimise the Microstructured Sealing Lip

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Minimisation of Friction Resistance of Elastomeric Lip Seals on Rotating Shafts

Minimisation of Friction Resistance of Elastomeric Lip Seals on Rotating Shafts

Study on Sealing Characteristics of Compliant Foil Face Gas Seal under Typical Hypervelocity Gas Effects

Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics of Rotary Shaft Seals

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