Development of a Low-cost NDIR System for ppm Detection of Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Breath Analysis

Vincent, Timothy A.; Urasinska‐Wojcik, Barbara; Gardner, J. W.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.648

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2. Application of the TDL pump current modulation with subsequent demodulation of the recorded signal using the synchronous detection technique [13][14][15].…”

Section: Application Of Various Digital Methods For Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Kireev¹,

Kondrashov²,

Shnyrev

2019

Laser Phys. Lett.

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This paper reports on the application of the Kalman method for processing the signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method in an experimental circuit, which includes the frequency modulation of a diode laser pump current in combination with the synchronous detection technique. It has established that the implementing of this approach makes it possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the 13 CO 2 content, as well as the measurement accuracy of the 13 CO 2 and 12 CO 2 concentrations ratio in exhaled air to a level not exceeding 0.1%.

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“…2. Application of the TDL pump current modulation with subsequent demodulation of the recorded signal using the synchronous detection technique [13][14][15].…”

Section: Application Of Various Digital Methods For Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Kireev¹,

Kondrashov²,

Shnyrev

2019

Laser Phys. Lett.

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“…The device includes both an O 2 sensor and a CO 2 sensor, and it is proposed that the Weir Equation (1) is used to calculate daily EE from multiple short readings taken over a one-day period. A novel CO 2 sensor was developed for use in the device [ 119 ]. The device enables a fast response sensor, but also a small size, ready for inclusion in a handheld analyser [ 120 ].…”

Section: Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Noses for Well-Being: Breath Analysis and Energy Expenditure

Gardner

Vincent

2016

Sensors

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The wealth of information concealed in a single human breath has been of interest for many years, promising not only disease detection, but also the monitoring of our general well-being. Recent developments in the fields of nano-sensor arrays and MEMS have enabled once bulky artificial olfactory sensor systems, or so-called “electronic noses”, to become smaller, lower power and portable devices. At the same time, wearable health monitoring devices are now available, although reliable breath sensing equipment is somewhat missing from the market of physical, rather than chemical sensor gadgets. In this article, we report on the unprecedented rise in healthcare problems caused by an increasingly overweight population. We first review recently-developed electronic noses for the detection of diseases by the analysis of basic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Then, we discuss the primary cause of obesity from over eating and the high calorific content of food. We present the need to measure our individual energy expenditure from our exhaled breath. Finally, we consider the future for handheld or wearable devices to measure energy expenditure; and the potential of these devices to revolutionize healthcare, both at home and in hospitals.

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“…In addition, the analysis of inhaled/exhaled air components is another innovative strategy for monitoring respiratory activity. Specifically, the variation in oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content between inspiration and expiration can be exploited to measure the RR [12]; infrared and fibre-optic sensors are common strategies for detecting CO 2 [13,14]. Acoustic sensors can be used to detect lung sounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Wearable Piezoresistive and Inertial Sensors for Respiration Rate Monitoring

et al. 2021

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The demand for wearable devices to measure respiratory activity is constantly growing, finding applications in a wide range of scenarios (e.g., clinical environments and workplaces, outdoors for monitoring sports activities, etc.). Particularly, the respiration rate (RR) is a vital parameter since it indicates serious illness (e.g., pneumonia, emphysema, pulmonary embolism, etc.). Therefore, several solutions have been presented in the scientific literature and on the market to make RR monitoring simple, accurate, reliable and noninvasive. Among the different transduction methods, the piezoresistive and inertial ones satisfactorily meet the requirements for smart wearable devices since unobtrusive, lightweight and easy to integrate. Hence, this review paper focuses on innovative wearable devices, detection strategies and algorithms that exploit piezoresistive or inertial sensors to monitor the breathing parameters. At first, this paper presents a comprehensive overview of innovative piezoresistive wearable devices for measuring user’s respiratory variables. Later, a survey of novel piezoresistive textiles to develop wearable devices for detecting breathing movements is reported. Afterwards, the state-of-art about wearable devices to monitor the respiratory parameters, based on inertial sensors (i.e., accelerometers and gyroscopes), is presented for detecting dysfunctions or pathologies in a non-invasive and accurate way. In this field, several processing tools are employed to extract the respiratory parameters from inertial data; therefore, an overview of algorithms and methods to determine the respiratory rate from acceleration data is provided. Finally, comparative analysis for all the covered topics are reported, providing useful insights to develop the next generation of wearable sensors for monitoring respiratory parameters.

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Development of a Low-cost NDIR System for ppm Detection of Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Breath Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Electronic Noses for Well-Being: Breath Analysis and Energy Expenditure

An Overview of Wearable Piezoresistive and Inertial Sensors for Respiration Rate Monitoring

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Development of a Low-cost NDIR System for ppm Detection of Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Breath Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Improving the 13CO2 content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Improving the 13CO2 content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Electronic Noses for Well-Being: Breath Analysis and Energy Expenditure

An Overview of Wearable Piezoresistive and Inertial Sensors for Respiration Rate Monitoring

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Product

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Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current

Improving the ¹³CO₂ content measurement accuracy in exhaled air using the Kalman technique for filtering the experimental signal obtained by the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy method with the frequency modulation of the diode laser pump current