Development of a Japanese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Himichi, Toshiyuki; Osanai, Hidekazu; Goto, Takayuki; Fujita, Hiroyo; Kawamura, Yuta; Davis, Mark H. A.; Nomura, Michio

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.88.15218

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It consists of four subscales (PT, FS, EC, and PD), and each subscale contains seven different items (score ranges from 0 to 28). A previous paper reported Cronbach’s alphas of 0.65 for PT, 0.76 for FS, 0.77 for EC, and 0.76 for PD [ 29 ]. In this study we obtained Cronbach’s alphas of 0.63 for PT, 0.62 for FS, 0.57 for EC, and 0.65 for PD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between dispositional empathy, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress responses among Japanese uniformed disaster workers: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDisaster workers suffer from psychological distress not only through the direct experience of traumatic situations but also through the indirect process of aiding disaster victims. This distress, called secondary traumatic stress, is linked to dispositional empathy, which is the tendency for individuals to imagine and experience the feelings and experiences of others. However, the association between secondary traumatic stress and dispositional empathy remains understudied.MethodsTo examine the relationship between dispositional empathy and mental health among disaster workers, we collected data from 227 Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel who engaged in international disaster relief activities in the Philippines following Typhoon Yolanda in 2013. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to evaluate posttraumatic stress responses (PTSR) and general psychological distress (GPD), respectively. Dispositional empathy was evaluated through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which consists of four subscales: Perspective Taking, Fantasy, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress. Hierarchial linear regression analyses were performed to identify the variables related to PTSR and GPD.ResultsHigh PTSR was significantly associated with high Fantasy (identification tendency, β = 0.21, p < .01), high Personal Distress (the self-oriented emotional disposition of empathy, β = 0.18, p < .05), and no experience of disaster relief activities (β = 0.15, p < .05). High GPD was associated with high Personal Distress (β = 0.28, p < .001), marital status (married, β = 0.22, p < .01), being female (β = 0.18, p < .01), medical unit (β = 0.18, p < .05), and no experience of disaster relief activities (β = 0.13, p < .05).ConclusionsAmong Japanese uniformed disaster workers, high PTSR was associated with two subtypes of dispositional empathy: the self-oriented emotional disposition of empathy and high identification tendency, whereas high GPD was associated with high identification tendency. Educational interventions that aim to mitigate these tendencies might be able to relieve the psychological distress of disaster workers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between dispositional empathy, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress responses among Japanese uniformed disaster workers: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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“…We recruited 416 Japanese participants (208 men and 208 women) aged between 20 and 59 years (M = 39.8, SD = 11.13), using the Macromill online research system (Macromill, Inc. Tokyo, Japan). Participants completed the Praise Seeking and Rejection Avoidance Need Scales (PSRA; Kojima et al, 2003), Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR; , and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980; translated into Japanese by Himichi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IRI (Davis, 1980;Himichi et al, 2017) was used to assess participants' dispositional empathy. In examining the relationship between reputational concern and altruistic behavior, we control for individual differences in empathic traits, as empathy can affect altruistic behavior (e.g., Batson, 2011).…”

Section: Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Iri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between two types of reputational concern and altruistic behavior in daily life

Kawamura

Kusumi

2018

Personality and Individual Differences

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Although many studies have shown that reputational cues promote altruism, few studies have focused on individual differences. The present study provides novel evidence indicating that the relationship between reputational concern and altruistic behavior differs according to the type of reputational concern involved and the recipients of altruism. Specifically, the relationships between individual differences of two reputational concerns (i.e., praise seeking and rejection avoidance) and the frequency with which participants exhibited altruistic behavior toward various individuals (i.e., family members, friends/acquaintances, and strangers) were examined. As predicted, neither type of reputational concern was significantly associated with altruistic behavior toward family members. This is understandable, as altruistic behavior toward familiar people is unlikely to lead to a good reputation. Conversely, praise seeking predicted altruistic behavior toward friends/acquaintances and strangers, whereas rejection avoidance did not. These findings are consistent with recent literature suggesting the effectiveness of positive reputation systems to promote generosity, relative to negative reputation systems. Furthermore, rejection avoidance was negatively associated with altruistic behavior toward strangers; we discussed the possibility that this was because such behavior was not very normative. Our findings provide useful insight for future studies examining the relationship between reputation and altruistic behavior.

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“…Participants answered all questions using a computer. Participants first provided demographic information, and completed the Praise Seeking and Rejection Avoidance Need Scale (Kojima et al, 2003) and Interpersonal Reactivity Scale (Davis, 1980; translated Japanese by Himichi et al, 2017; see Supplementary Materials). Then, they read each of the four vignettes and rated their willingness to help.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between rejection avoidance and altruism is moderated by social norms

Kawamura

Kusumi

2018

Personality and Individual Differences

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Recently, the relationship between reputation and altruism has gained significant attention. The present study examined whether the relationship between rejection avoidance and altruism differs according to social norms. A total of 320 participants completed an online survey with questions concerning rejection avoidance and altruism in situations where either a prosocial or non-prosocial norm was present. As predicted, people with higher levels of rejection avoidance displayed less altruism only in the context of non-prosocial norms. This result corresponds with previous evidence that suggests that altruism can be evaluated negatively by others when it deviates from social norms. These findings shed a new light on the relationship between reputation and altruism.

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Development of a Japanese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

The relationship between dispositional empathy, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress responses among Japanese uniformed disaster workers: a cross-sectional study

The relationship between dispositional empathy, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress responses among Japanese uniformed disaster workers: a cross-sectional study

Relationships between two types of reputational concern and altruistic behavior in daily life

The relationship between rejection avoidance and altruism is moderated by social norms

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